“…The retreat of transient knickpoints has been investigated by theoretical analysis (Whipple and Tucker, 1999), simulation in flume experiments (Holland and Pickup, 1976;Frankel et al, 2007), and analysis of field-based data in many studies (e.g., Bishop et al, 2005;Crosby and Whipple, 2006;Castillo et al, 2013). Some scholars demonstrated the impacts of rock strength, fault throw rate, channel narrowing, transported sediments, and the ratio of precipitation to infiltration on the retreat rate of knickpoints (e.g., Stock and Montgomery, 1999;Whittaker and Boulton, 2012); others presented a close relation of the upstream drainage area, a proxy for water discharge, with the rate of knickpoint migration (e.g., Bishop et al, 2005;Crosby and Whipple, 2006;Loget et al, 2006;Berlin and Anderson, 2007;Castillo et al, 2013).…”