Knee Joint Osteoarthritis in Overweight Cats: The Clinical and Radiographic Findings

Abstract

Despite a high prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) reported in the domesticated cat population, studies on feline knee joint OA are scarcer. Knee joint OA is a painful, age-related, chronic degenerative joint disease that significantly affects cats’ activity and quality of life. In dogs and humans, one may consider overweight as a risk factor for the development and progression of knee joint OA; therefore, this study aims to assess the severity of knee joint OA in the body-weight-related groups of cats concerning clinical symptoms and radiographic signs. The study was conducted on sixty-four (n = 64) cats with confirmed OA. The demographic data on sex, neutering, age, and breed were collected. Then, the body condition score (BCS) was assessed, and each cat was allocated to the underweight, normal-weight, or overweight group. Within clinical symptoms, joint pain, joint swelling, joint deformities, lameness, reluctance to move, and apathy were graded. Based on the radiographic signs, minor OA, mild OA, moderate OA, and severe OA were scored. Prevalence and co-occurrence of the studied variables were then assessed. Joint pain was elicited in 20–31% of the OA-affected joints, joint deformities in 21–30%, and lameness in 20–54%, with no differences between weight-related groups. Severe OA was detected in 10–16% of the OA-affected joints, with no differences between weight-related groups. Severe OA in feline knee joints appears with similar frequency in overweight, underweight, and normal-weight cats. However, the general prevalence of clinical symptoms and radiographic signs is different in overweight cats.

Concurrent Validation of MI-CAT(V), a Clinical Metrology Instrument for Veterinarians Assessing Osteoarthritis Pain in Cats, through Testing for Firocoxib Analgesic Efficacy in a Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, and Blinded Study

“…In the case of feline OA, obtaining such biomarkers could determine the correlation between structural and functional impairments assessed by MI-CAT(V) and predict the OA progression. Structural severity was recently classed in feline stifle OA [34], and severe OA was reported in 10-16% of the OA-affected joints, an occurrence like the one (4/23 = 17%) reported in the present study. The peripheral and central sensitization contributed to distinguish other clusters in chronic pain [35].…”