Knee extensor strength, hop performance, patient-reported outcome and inter-test correlation in patients 9–12 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Ebert, Jay R.; Edwards, Peter; Preez, Luke Du; Furzer, Bonnie; Joss, Brendan

doi:10.1016/j.knee.2021.04.012

Cited by 25 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Twenty-eight studies included ACL-reconstructed individuals,48–75 three assessed ACL-injured individuals,76–78 four79–82 involved individuals before and after ACL reconstruction and one study83 assessed individuals with an isolated partial meniscectomy. Further details about the included studies and strength tests are provided in table 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Measurement properties for muscle strength tests following anterior cruciate ligament and/or meniscus injury: What tests to use and where do we need to go? A systematic review with meta-analyses for the OPTIKNEE consensus

et al. 2022

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ObjectivesCritically appraise and summarise the measurement properties of knee muscle strength tests after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and/or meniscus injury using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments Risk of Bias checklist.DesignSystematic review with meta-analyses. The modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation-guided assessment of evidence quality.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTSDiscus searched from inception to 5 May 2022.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies evaluating knee extensor or flexor strength test reliability, measurement error, validity, responsiveness or interpretability in individuals with ACL and/or meniscus injuries with a mean injury age of ≤30 years.ResultsThirty-six studies were included involving 31 different muscle strength tests (mode and equipment) in individuals following an ACL injury and/or an isolated meniscus injury. Strength tests were assessed for reliability (n=8), measurement error (n=7), construct validity (n=27) and criterion validity (n=7). Isokinetic concentric extensor and flexor strength tests were the best rated with sufficient intrarater reliability (very low evidence quality) and construct validity (moderate evidence quality). Isotonic extensor and flexor strength tests showed sufficient criterion validity, while isometric extensor strength tests had insufficient construct and criterion validity (high evidence quality).ConclusionKnee extensor and flexor strength tests of individuals with ACL and/or meniscus injury lack evidence supporting their measurement properties. There is an urgent need for high-quality studies on these measurement properties. Until then, isokinetic concentric strength tests are most recommended, with isotonic strength tests a good alternative.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The included studies investigated four measurement properties: reliability,48 62 71 74 measurement error,48 62 71 construct validity (hypothesis testing)49–61 63 64 66–69 71–73 75–84 and criterion (concurrent) validity 48 69 70 74. None of the included studies investigated responsiveness or interpretability.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement properties for muscle strength tests following anterior cruciate ligament and/or meniscus injury: What tests to use and where do we need to go? A systematic review with meta-analyses for the OPTIKNEE consensus

et al. 2022

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“…Several studies have confirmed that exercise programs can lead to significant improvements in PFP through kinematic improvements [42][43][44], but to our knowledge, no study to date has tailored their exercise program to address individual asymmetries to affect PFP. Nevertheless, asymmetry levels are arising as an important factor in musculoskeletal injury prevention and rehabilitation [45], and various authors discussed its importance in patients with PFP [46,47]. It was suggested that strength and flexibility asymmetries may cause excessive loading of the PFJ during functional activities and eventually lead to greater PFP levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Targeted Exercise Program on Inter-Leg Asymmetries in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain

et al. 2021

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Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is often associated with impaired muscle strength, flexibility, and stability. It has been suggested that inter-leg asymmetries have an important role in increasing the risk of musculoskeletal injuries, including PFP. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify significant asymmetries and determine the effects of a symmetry targeted exercise program in patients with PFP. Eighteen patients aged 13 to 54 years (24.17 ± 12.52 years) with PFP participated in this study. Strength, flexibility and stability outcomes of the trunk, hip, knee and ankle muscles were assessed. A single-group pretest–posttest design was used to assess changes in inter-leg and agonist–antagonist asymmetries resulting from the 8-week period of the supervised exercise program. Results indicated a significant improvement in inter-leg symmetry regarding bilateral stance in a semi-squat position (p = 0.020, d = 0.61, df = 17) and ankle plantarflexion (p = 0.003, d = 0.32, df = 17) and ankle dorsiflexion strength (p < 0.001, d = 0.46, df = 17). In addition, the ratio of ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion (p = 0.036, d = 1.14, df = 17) and hip extension/flexion (p = 0.031, d = 0.94, df = 16) changed significantly during the intervention period. To our knowledge, this was the first study to evaluate inter-leg asymmetries resulting from a period of a supervised exercise program. The results indicate that an exercise program focusing on individual asymmetries may influence specific deficits and contribute to better rehabilitation outcomes.

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“…'Insert Table 4 here' Sufficient construct validity was found for seven of 19 functional performance tests assessed and summarized in qualitative synthesis: Medial Hop, 57 Lateral Hop, 57 Single Leg Drop Jump, 53, 70 4-jump Vertical Hop, 66 Vertical Jump, 66 Step-Down, 75 and Carioca 64,65 tests. In contrast, the Timed Speedy Hop Test, 57 10 second Vertical Hop Test 71 and Star Excursion Balance Test (anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral) 56 were rated insufficient. The following tests had inconsistent construct validity: Shuttle Run Test, 64,65 Side-Step Test, 64,65 Co-Contraction Test, 65 and Y-balance Test (anterior, 69,75 posterolateral, 69 posteromedial, 69 and composite score 69 ).…”

Section: Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of the measurement properties of functional performance tests and muscle strength tests in persons with anterior cruciate ligament or meniscal injury

Berg¹,

Whittaker

Øiestad³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The primary objective of this review is to critically appraise, compare and summarize the quality of the measurement properties of functional performance tests assessing physical function in persons with ACL or meniscus injury. A secondary objective is to critically appraise, compare and summarize the quality of the measurement properties of muscle strength tests assessing knee extensor or flexor muscle strength in persons with ACL or meniscus injury.

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Knee extensor strength, hop performance, patient-reported outcome and inter-test correlation in patients 9–12 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Cited by 25 publications

References 48 publications

Measurement properties for muscle strength tests following anterior cruciate ligament and/or meniscus injury: What tests to use and where do we need to go? A systematic review with meta-analyses for the OPTIKNEE consensus

Measurement properties for muscle strength tests following anterior cruciate ligament and/or meniscus injury: What tests to use and where do we need to go? A systematic review with meta-analyses for the OPTIKNEE consensus

Effects of a Targeted Exercise Program on Inter-Leg Asymmetries in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain

Systematic review of the measurement properties of functional performance tests and muscle strength tests in persons with anterior cruciate ligament or meniscal injury

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