Knee Extensor and Knee Flexor Strength:Cross-Sectional Area Ratios in Young and Elderly Men

Overend, Tom J.; Cunningham, David A.; Kramer, John F.; Lefcoe, Michael S.; Paterson, Donald H.

doi:10.1093/geronj/47.6.m204

Cited by 156 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

136

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Despite the nonsignificant changes in MCSAs, we cannot rule out the possibility that there is a significant decrease in muscle force in elderly subjects, as it is still a matter of controversy whether changes in muscle fiber type and alterations in recruitment (specific muscle force) occur with aging (Frontera et al, 2000;Cannon et al, 2001;Goodpaster et al, 2001;Urbancheck et al, 2001). Moreover, correlations between MCSAs and muscle strength have been shown to be only moderate (Dowling and Cardone, 1994;Bruce et al, 1997;Overend et al, 1992). An alternative explanation may be that cartilage thickness diminishes physiologically with aging (independent of a reduction in loading), due to impaired cellular function, reduced synthesis of matrix components, and lower extracellular water content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Correlation of knee‐joint cartilage morphology with muscle cross‐sectional areas vs. anthropometric variables

Hudelmaier

Gläser

Englmeier³

et al. 2003

Anat. Rec.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We tested the hypothesis that muscle cross-sectional areas (MCSAs) are more highly (and independently) correlated with cartilage morphology than are body height and weight, and that the physiological reduction of cartilage thickness with aging is associated with a proportional, age-dependent decrease in MCSAs. In 59 asymptomatic individuals (23-75 years old), morphological parameters of the knee cartilages (volume, thickness, and bonecartilage interface area), and MCSAs were determined from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Multiple regression models were used to calculate which proportion of the variability of the normal cartilage morphology can be predicted based on independent variables. MCSAs and body height and weight showed correlation coefficients of ϩ0.66, ϩ0.60, and ϩ0.25, respectively, with knee-joint cartilage volume. The correlation coefficients with cartilage thickness were ϩ0.44, ϩ0.35, and ϩ0.24, respectively. Age accounted for a significant (P Ͻ 0.01) reduction in cartilage thickness, but there was no proportional change of MCSAs. Approximately 76% of the variability of the knee cartilage volume could be predicted from independent variables in a multiple regression model with MCSAs contributing significant, independent information. In conclusion, we find that MCSAs are more highly correlated with cartilage morphology than are body height and weight. The significant decrease in cartilage volume and thickness with age is not associated with a proportional decrease in MCSAs. Anat Rec Part A 270A: 175-184, 2003.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Correlation of knee‐joint cartilage morphology with muscle cross‐sectional areas vs. anthropometric variables

Hudelmaier

Gläser

Englmeier³

et al. 2003

Anat. Rec.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…16 For this reason, MQ may be a better indicator of overall muscle function than just strength or size alone. 22 There is some evidence that a larger loss in muscle strength than muscle size occurs with aging [23][24][25] making it reasonable to suggest that the overall quality of muscle is reduced. It appears that MQ increases in males and females of all ages with resistance training when tested using 1 RM as an indicator of strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength, Size, and Muscle Quality in the Upper Arm following Unilateral Training in Younger and Older Males and Females

Tanton

Cappaert

Gordon

et al. 2009

Clinical medicine. Arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: To assess strength, size, and muscle quality differences between younger and older males and females in response to training. Methods:The bicep and tricep of the non-dominant arm were trained for twelve weeks in younger and older males and females (n = 41). The bicep of both arms were assessed pre and post for muscle strength using one-repetition maximum (1 RM) testing, and size using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Results: Strength (p Ͻ 0.05), mCSA (p Ͻ 0.05), and 1 RM MQ (p Ͻ 0.00) increased in response to training in all subjects regardless of age or gender. Younger and older subjects had similar increases in strength (45.49 ± 15.30% vs. 42.67 ± 26.67% respectively), mCSA (16.22 ± 7.98% vs. 19.17 ± 6.19% respectively), and 1RM MQ (25.73 ± 15.76 vs. 19.67 ± 20.66 respectively). Women increased their strength (55.59 ± 19.45% vs. 32.87 ± 15.66% p Ͻ 0.00 respectively), size (20.36 ± 6.29% vs. 14.72 ± 7.28% p Ͻ 0.02 respectively), and 1 RM MQ (29.74 ± 18.33% vs. 16.30 ± 15.59% p Ͻ.02) more than men. In comparing age and gender, younger females increased their strength more than older males (56.42 ± 12.92% vs. 29.17 ± 21.8% p Ͻ.02 respectively). Older females also increased their strength more than older males (54.68 ± 25.73 vs. 29.17 ± 21.80% respectively). Younger females increased their 1 RM MQ more than older males (.18 ± .08 kg/cm vs. .06 ± .08 kg/cm p Ͻ.02 respectively). Conclusion:Strength and mCSA increases similarly in older and younger subjects. However, the overall strength and quality of the muscle seems to improve more in women than in men.

show abstract

“…For example, Overend and colleagues 20 reported that there were no differences in the relative strength of knee extensor and flexor between young and older men for the isometric testing, although absolute isometric strength was lower in the older group. However, the young men had higher relative strength obtained during isokinetic (at 120°/s) contraction in both extension and flexion.…”

Section: Age-related Changes In Absolute and Relative Knee Extension mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, only five studies [20][21][22][23][24] are published for demonstrating the age-related changes in anterior and posterior thigh muscle CSA and/or MV measured using MRI and CT scans (Table 1). For example, Overend and colleagues 20 investigated the differences in muscle CSA and strength of knee extensor and flexor between young and older men.…”

Section: Age-related Changes In Muscle Csa/mv In the Anterior And Posmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Overend and colleagues 20 investigated the differences in muscle CSA and strength of knee extensor and flexor between young and older men. The study used a CT scan and separated muscle and non-muscle tissue (fat plus loose connective tissue) of the quadriceps and hamstring compartments.…”

Section: Age-related Changes In Muscle Csa/mv In the Anterior And Posmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Age-related muscle loss of the anterior and posterior thigh assessed by means of MRI/CT and ultrasound

Abe¹,

Loenneke²,

Thiebaud³

et al. 2014

Journal of Trainology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Site-specific thigh muscle loss may be independent of age-related whole body muscle mass loss detected by using dualenergy X-ray absorpotiometry (DXA). Site-specific thigh muscle loss can be assessed by two major methods, i.e., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound. Objectives: The purpose of this review is to discuss whether the magnitude of age-related declines in anterior and posterior thigh muscle size differs among previous studies with different methods for assessing muscle size. Age-related changes in absolute and relative knee extension (KE) and flexion (KF) strength and possible reasons for the age-related site-specific thigh muscle loss are discussed. Design and Method: Non-systematic review. Results: The results of MRI/CT and ultrasound studies both suggest that age-related thigh muscle loss differs between the anterior compartment (i.e., quadriceps) and posterior compartment (i.e., hamstring) with much larger losses occurring in the anterior thigh compared with the posterior thigh. Previous studies investigating the age-related changes in absolute KE and KF strength are not as consistent. However, age-related change in muscle quality (strength per unit of muscle size) may not differ between KE and KF in an individual, although the values may differ among individuals. A major reason for the site-specific thigh muscle loss with advancing age may be the intensity and duration of daily physical activity which may secondarily influence other factors such as motoneuron loss and muscle protein metabolism. Conclusions:A ratio of anterior to posterior MT determined by ultrasound may correspond well to a multidimensional variable (CSA or MV) of the quadriceps to other thigh muscles (including both hamstring and adductor muscles) ratio, but not to the quadriceps to hamstring ratio. If there are similar changes in muscle quality with advancing age between knee extensor and flexor muscles, the anterior to posterior MT ratio may be involved in a ratio of muscle force of knee extensor and flexor muscles.

show abstract

Knee Extensor and Knee Flexor Strength:Cross-Sectional Area Ratios in Young and Elderly Men

Cited by 156 publications

References 0 publications

Correlation of knee‐joint cartilage morphology with muscle cross‐sectional areas vs. anthropometric variables

Correlation of knee‐joint cartilage morphology with muscle cross‐sectional areas vs. anthropometric variables

Strength, Size, and Muscle Quality in the Upper Arm following Unilateral Training in Younger and Older Males and Females

Age-related muscle loss of the anterior and posterior thigh assessed by means of MRI/CT and ultrasound

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Knee Extensor and Knee Flexor Strength:Cross-Sectional Area Ratios in Young and Elderly Men

Cited by 156 publications

References 0 publications

Correlation of knee‐joint cartilage morphology with muscle cross‐sectional areas vs. anthropometric variables

Correlation of knee‐joint cartilage morphology with muscle cross‐sectional areas vs. anthropometric variables

Strength, Size, and Muscle Quality in the Upper Arm following Unilateral Training in Younger and Older Males and Females

Age-­related muscle loss of the anterior and posterior thigh assessed by means of MRI/CT and ultrasound

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Age-related muscle loss of the anterior and posterior thigh assessed by means of MRI/CT and ultrasound