Klossiella equi Infecting Kidneys of Ontario Horses: Life Cycle Features and Multilocus Sequence-Based Genotyping Confirm the Genus Klossiella Belongs in the Adeleorina (Apicomplexa: Coccidia)

Léveillé, Alexandre N.; Bland, S Karlyn; Carlton, Karen; Larouche, Cédric B.; Kenney, Daniel G.; Brouwer, Emily; Lillie, Brandon N.; Barta, John R.

doi:10.1645/18-80

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…There is also one report of Klossiella equi , a rare coccidian parasite of the renal parenchyma of equids with no clinical signs in the kidneys associated with this parasite [ 40 ]. In 2011, different developmental stages of the parasite were observed in histopathological study of renal sections of a 10-year-old donkey ( Equus asinus asinus ) [ 41 ].…”

Section: Protozoan Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic diseases of equids in Iran (1931–2020): a literature review

et al. 2020

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Parasitic infections can cause many respiratory, digestive and other diseases and contribute to some performance conditions in equids. However, knowledge on the biodiversity of parasites of equids in Iran is still limited. The present review covers all the information about parasitic diseases of horses, donkeys, mules and wild asses in Iran published as articles in Iranian and international journals, dissertations and congress papers from 1931 to July 2020. Parasites so far described in Iranian equids include species of 9 genera of the Protozoa (Trypanosoma, Giardia, Eimeria, Klossiella, Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, Neospora, Theileria and Babesia), 50 helminth species from the digestive system (i.e., 2 trematodes, 3 cestodes and 37 nematodes) and from other organs (i.e., Schistosoma turkestanica, Echinococcus granulosus, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi, Parafilaria multipapillosa, Setaria equina and 3 Onchocerca spp.). Furthermore, 16 species of hard ticks, 3 mite species causing mange, 2 lice species, and larvae of 4 Gastrophilus species and Hippobosca equina have been reported from equids in Iran. Archeoparasitological findings in coprolites of equids include Fasciola hepatica, Oxyuris equi, Anoplocephala spp. and intestinal strongyles. Parasitic diseases are important issues in terms of animal welfare, economics and public health; however, parasites and parasitic diseases of equines have not received adequate attention compared with ruminants and camels in Iran. The present review highlights the knowledge gaps related to equines about the presence, species, genotypes and subtypes of Neospora hughesi, Sarcocystis spp., Trichinella spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Blastocystis and microsporidia. Identification of ticks vectoring pathogenic parasites, bacteria and viruses has received little attention, too. The efficacy of common horse wormers also needs to be evaluated systematically.

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Section: Protozoan Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic diseases of equids in Iran (1931–2020): a literature review

et al. 2020

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“…The clinical relevance is described for laboratory mice (Yang and Grice 1964 ), but usually without clinical relevance under natural conditions (Rosenmann and Morrison 1975 ). The closest relative detected in GenBank based on 18S rRNA gene sequences obtained in this study is Klossiella equi detected in Equus ferus caballus (Leveille et al 2019 ), the only known Klossiella nucleotide sequence until now. This finding is supported by organ tropism detected and morphology shown in our study that is typical for this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…HTS enabled the determination of two full-length 18S rRNA gene sequences, verifying animals positive for adeleorinid cluster 2 qPCR to be infected with Klossiella sp. based on sequence similarity with the sequence from Klossiella equi (Leveille et al 2019 ) (Fig. 1 B).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RNA was extracted after sample disintegration using the cryoPREP impactor (Covaris, Brighton, UK) and sequencing libraries were constructed as detailed described (Wylezich et al 2018 ) and sequenced using Ion Torrent S5XL instrument. The Genome Sequencer software suite (versions 2.6; Roche) was used to perform a pre-mapping analysis with Klossiella equi MH211602 (Leveille et al 2019 ) as reference sequence as described (Wylezich et al 2019 ). Obtained Klossiella 18S rRNA sequence fragments were used to refine the mapping analysis applying an identity threshold of 99% and minimum overlap length of reads of 99%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of them infect the renal tract of a wide variety of mammals, whereas one species infects the intestinal tract of snakes. Gametogony and sporogony typically occur in the kidney in which the infection rarely results in an inflammation of the renal tissue (Taylor et al 1979 ; Leveille et al 2019 ). Thus, the genus is considered apathogenic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field survey and molecular characterization of apicomplexan parasites in small mammals from military camps in Afghanistan

et al. 2023

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Small mammals are an important reservoir for causative agents of numerous infectious diseases, including zoonotic and vector-borne diseases. The occurrence of these pathogens represents a regional but permanent threat for humans and animals in general and might especially weaken military personnel and companion animals in abroad missions. In our study, small mammals collected in military camps in Afghanistan (Feyzabad, Mazar-e Sharif, and Kunduz) were investigated for the presence of apicomplexans using histopathology and molecular methods. For this purpose, well-established and newly developed real-time PCR assays were applied. A high prevalence was detected not only in house mice (Mus musculus), but also in shrews (Crocidura cf. suaveolens) and grey dwarf hamsters (Cricetulus migratorius). The molecular characterization based on the 18S rRNA gene revealed a close relationship to a cluster of Hepatozoon sp. detected in voles of the genus Microtus. Hepatozoon canis DNA was detected in one house mouse as well as in two Rhipicephalus ticks from a dog puppy. In addition, around 5% of the house mice were found to be infected with far related adeleorinids showing the highest sequence identity of 91.5% to Klossiella equi, the only published Klossiella sequence at present. For their better phylogenetic characterization, we conducted metagenomics by sequencing of two selected samples. The resulting 18S rRNA gene sequences have a length of about 2400 base pairs including an insertion of about 500 base pairs and are 100% identical to each other. Histopathology together with organ tropism and detection rates verified this sequence as of Klossiella muris. In conclusion, we documented naturally occurring protozoan stages and the additional taxonomic characterization of a well-known commensal in mice by applying a combination of different approaches. The study is of medical, social, and biological importance for ensuring human and animal health in military camps and also stresses the required awareness for the potential risk of zoonoses.

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