Klimawandel aus Sicht der Mediennutzer. Multifaktorielles Wirkungsmodell der Medienerfahrung zur komplexen Wissensdomäne Klimawandel

Abstract

Darüber hinaus findet es jedoch wenig Beachtung. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Publikumsperspektive. Dabei erscheint diese bezüglich des Themas Klimawandel aus verschiedenen Gründen besonders bedeutsam: Erstens handelt es sich bei "Klima" um ein Themenfeld, zu dem es kaum individuelle und sinnlich erfahrbare Anschauungen geben kann (im Gegensatz zu Wetter). Klima bzw. Klimawandel sind vielmehr wissenschaftliche Konstrukte, die auf theoretischen Modellberechnungen beruhen und mit statistischen Mittelwerten und Extremwerten arbeiten, die sich auf so große Räume und derart weite Zeitspannen beziehen, dass sie außerhalb der individuellen Erfahrungswelt liegen (Böhner & Ratter 2010; Neverla & Schäfer im Druck). Zweitens handelt es sich um ein Themenfeld mit hoch komplexem und zugleich fragilem, im wissenschaftlich strengen Sinn unsicherem Wissen. Klimawissen entsteht aus theoretisch anspruchsvollen und empirisch interdisziplinär erarbeiteten Daten aus verschiedenen naturwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen (Stehr & von Storch 1997). Dieses hoch komplexe Fachwissen ist dennoch 1.

What do people know about climate change ― and how confident are they? On measurements and analyses of science related knowledge

“…Previous research on the interface of knowledge and attitudes toward science and scientific topics has mainly detected small to no effects or found conflicting results [e.g., Arlt, Hoppe and Wolling, 2011;Lee, Scheufele and Lewenstein, 2005;Lee and Scheufele, 2006;Nisbet et al, 2002;Taddicken, 2013;Taddicken and Neverla, 2011;Zhao, 2009] with often long-scale consequences such as the rejection of the knowledge deficit model. However, although the idea of attributing the disbelief in human-made climate change to low levels of knowledge and science literacy is not the only explanation for public conflict over this issue [Kahan, 2015], it is still reasonable to assume some kind of relationship.…”

“…Problem awareness, according to Taddicken [2013] and Taddicken and Neverla [2011], denotes the degree to which respondents rate climate change as problematic issue. According to Wippermann, Calmbach and Kleinhückelkotten [2008], the degree to which respondents think that single citizens can take climate-protective actions (willingness to assume responsibility) or public agents are responsible (attribution of responsibility to public agents) was measured.…”

“…Understood conversely, this means that "low levels of scientific literacy result from a lack of information" [Kahlor and Rosenthal, 2009, p. 381] and in more skeptical opinions about science. Empirical studies have shown inconsistent, primarily minor to non-significant, correlations between media use and knowledge as well as between knowledge and attitudes [e.g., Allum et al, 2008;Arlt, Hoppe and Wolling, 2011;Lee and Scheufele, 2006;Lee, Scheufele and Lewenstein, 2005;Nisbet et al, 2002;Taddicken, 2013;Taddicken and Neverla, 2011;Zhao, 2009]. As a consequence, scholars evaluate the knowledge deficit model as 'too simplistic' [e.g., Gustafson and Rice, 2016;Sturgis and Allum, 2004].…”

On the comparability of knowledge transfer activities – a case study at the German Baltic Sea Coast focusing regional climate services

“…In this group again the media are most frequently used and the usage of scientific information services is only slightly higher (6 %). In a representative online survey in Germany, Taddicken and Neverla (2011) show that the use of classical media is mainly correlated with increased climate related knowledge, but is less correlated with increased awareness of climate change and fewest correlated with intentions of climate related action. This agrees with the findings described above.…”

Media Consumption and Regional Perceptions of Global Climate Change: Findings from Germany

“…In contrast to the weather, which is experienced firsthand, "climate" or the "ozone hole" are first and foremost scientific constructs based on theoretical model calculations and statistical analyses which extend to time spans and geographical spaces beyond the individual experience. They have to be rendered tangible by mass and online media (Taddicken & Neverla, 2011).…”