Kleptocracy, nepotism, kakistocracy: impact of corruption in Sub-Saharan African countries

Okafor, Collins E.; Smith, L. Murphy; Ujah, Nacasius U.

doi:10.1504/ijea.2014.063736

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Onyeiwu and Shrestha (2004) find no significant relationship between FDI and political rights whereas Suliman and Mollick (2009) report that both civil liberties and political rights attract FDI. In contrast, Okafor et al (2011) finds that as democracy deepens, FDI tends to decrease while Gangi and Abdulrazak (2012) argue that political stability is insignificant for FDI and is more significant for governance. Cleeve (2012) further reports that FDI is attracted by deepening democracy, improved socio-economic conditions and improved investment profiles whereas corruption and political instability are insignificant.…”

Section: Fdi and Inequality In Sub-saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 91%

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FDI and inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa: does democracy matter?

Gossel

2022

IJOEM

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PurposeThis paper investigates whether democracy plays a mediating role in the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis is conducted using fixed effects and system GMM (Generalised Method of Moments) on a panel of 38 Sub-Saharan African countries covering the period of 1990–2018.FindingsThe results find that FDI has no direct effect on inequality whereas democracy reduces inequality directly in both the short run and the long run. The sensitivity analyses find that democracy improves equality regardless of the magnitude of FDI, resource endowment or democratic deepening whereas FDI only reduces inequality once a moderate level of democracy has been achieved.Social implicationsThe results discussed above thus have four policy implications. First, these results show that although democracy has inequality reducing benefits, SSA is unlikely to significantly reduce inequality unless the region purposefully diversifies its trade and FDI away from natural resources. Second, the region should continue to expand credit access to reduce inequality and attract FDI. Third, policymakers should undertake reforms that will reduce youth inequality. Lastly, the region should focus on long-run democratic reforms rather than on short-run democratization to improve governance and investor confidence.Originality/valueAlthough there are existing studies that examine the association between FDI and inequality, FDI and democracy and democracy and inequality, this is the first study to explicitly examine the effect of democracy on the association between FDI and inequality in SSA, and the first study to separately consider the possible varied effects of contemporaneous democratization versus the long-run accumulation of democratic capital. In addition, rather than measure inequality by income alone, this study uses the more appropriate Human Development Index to account for SSA's sociological, education and income disparities.

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Section: Fdi and Inequality In Sub-saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 91%

FDI and inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa: does democracy matter?

Gossel

2022

IJOEM

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“…This is a perspective that is concerned about the implications of the political economy of capitalism on the democratic experiences of African countries. In this, I include discussions that seek to understand the extent to which primitive capital accumulation altered the role and function of the state (Okafor, Smith, and Ujah 2014). The rise of neopatrimonialism and how it transformed the state in Africa, for instance, into an instrument for rent-seeking and kleptocratic politics through a small political elite amassed wealth and crude state power (Mkandawire 2015).…”

Section: The Shrinking Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Covid-19 and the Return of the State in Africa

Zondi

2021

Politikon

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As African countries battled the Covid-19 crisis in 2020, one of the questions that were raised was whether the state was taking a central stage in the affairs of society, especially solutions to major problems. The question was triggered by the fact that there has been a decline in the capacity, role and prestige of the state in Africa for decades. Yet it seems that the responses to Covid-19, following the WHO guidelines, have placed the state at the centre, without dislocating other stakeholders like the private sector and the civil society. This paper uses the evidence from a select number of African countries of different sizes in various regions of the continent to provide an empirical perspective on the role of the state in Covid-19 responses in 2020 to answer the question of whether Covid-19 has occasioned a return of the state, thus reversing the neoliberal designs in favour of a lean and mean state in Africa.

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“…Not all political leaders are dictators, of course, but as readers themselves may have noticed; the current political panoramas are not very promising. Most governments of today's world have started to look like "kakistocracies" (Abadjian, 2010;Okafor et al, 2014;Adams and Crosby, 2017). It is a term used for government systems controlled and ruled by the worst and least deserving, the most incompetent, and the least ethical members of society (Amorado, 2012).…”

Section: Changing the Leadership Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

The Bottleneck Metaphor of Leadership Culture: How Shared Understandings About Leadership Develop in Groups and Impede Diversity and Effectiveness of Leaders

Ozcan

2021

Front. Psychol.

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There are two big problems related to leadership today: unequal representation and high failure rates among leaders. This conceptual paper argues that commonly shared values, assumptions, and beliefs about leadership, i.e., universal leadership culture, are the common cause of both problems. After the concepts and levels related to leadership culture were explained, we introduce a multilevel, multi-actor process model named the bottleneck metaphor of leadership culture. This metaphor describes how leadership cultures are co-constructed by multiple actors based on their involvement in leader selection and reproduce themselves in groups over time based on emergent leaders' characteristics. Next, a diagnostic tool called “the leadership mirror” is proposed for organizations that want to assess their leadership culture's current state as a starting point for further interventions. Specific suggestions are made for various actors, ranging from individuals to organizations, for their possible roles in preventing undesired leadership cultures.

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Kleptocracy, nepotism, kakistocracy: impact of corruption in Sub-Saharan African countries

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

FDI and inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa: does democracy matter?

FDI and inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa: does democracy matter?

Covid-19 and the Return of the State in Africa

The Bottleneck Metaphor of Leadership Culture: How Shared Understandings About Leadership Develop in Groups and Impede Diversity and Effectiveness of Leaders

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