“…β-caryophyllene had a highly significant effect on mortality, 27 correlates with reduction in the level of lepidopteran herbivory in several populations of the tropical leguminous tree Hymenaea stigonocarpa 28 and attracts adult predatory green lacewings, Chrysopa carnea, 29 while Bernhad Weissbecker et al 30 demonstrated that the two-spotted predaceous stinkbug, Perillus bioculatus, was attracted towards the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene and α-humulene in volatiles released from damaged potato plant by Colorado potato beetle. By separating apolar terpenoid hydrocarbons from more polar compounds using column chromatography on silica, Wegener et al 31 showed that a volatile blend containing α-elemene, δ-cadinene, α-humulene, germacrene D and (E,E)-α-farnesene, emitted in jasmonate-induced elm leaves, was exploited by the specialist parasitoid Oomyzus gallerucae in locating its host, the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola. In addition, while 1,8-cineole and δ-3-carene have been shown to be involved in cases of both direct plant defence 32,33 and pollination, 34 the former have also been reported in allelopathic effects as toxic, deterrent or inhibitory compounds, 35 repellency and toxicity against three stored product coleopterans: Callosobruchus maculates F., Rhyzopertha dominica F. and Sitophilus oryzae L. 36 Besides the isolates, the whole essential oils also exhibit ovicidal, insecticidal, antifeedant, attractant, repellent, antiviral and anti-juvenile hormone activities.…”