Kizilcaören ore-bearing complex with carbonatites (northwestern Anatolia, Turkey): Formation time and mineralogy of rocks

Никифоров, А. В.; Öztürk, Hüseyin; Altuncu, Sinan; Lebedev, V. A.

doi:10.1134/s107570151401005x

Cited by 22 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Of particular significance is the c. 25 Ma Kizilcaören Complex, which comprises phonolite and trachyte stocks, carbonatite dykes, and a fluorite-barite-LREE deposit forming veins and breccias fillings in the Palaeozoic country rock (Gültekin et al, 2003;Nikiforov et al, 2014). The ore assemblage contains barite, fluorite, quartz, calcite, feldspar, and phlogopite, with bastnäsite as the main REE mineral accompanied by brockite, fluocerite, monazite, and parisite (Gültekin et al, 2003;Nikiforov et al, 2014). The mineralisation can be related to hydrothermal activity associated with the alkaline magmatism.…”

Section: Cretaceous To Cenozoic Circum-mediterranean Riftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Europe's rare earth element resource potential: An overview of REE metallogenetic provinces and their geodynamic setting

Goodenough

Schilling

Jönsson

et al. 2016

Ore Geology Reviews

270

136

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Security of supply of a number of raw materials is of concern for the European Union; foremost among these are the rare earth elements (REE), which are used in a range of modern technologies. A number of research projects, including the EURARE and ASTER projects, have been funded in Europe to investigate various steps along the REE supply chain. This paper addresses the initial part of that supply chain, namely the potential geological resources of the REE in Europe. Although the REE are not currently mined in Europe, potential resources are known to be widespread, and many are being explored. The most important European resources are associated with alkaline igneous rocks and carbonatites, although REE deposits are also known from a range of other settings. Within Europe, a number of REE metallogenetic belts can be identified on the basis of age, tectonic setting, lithological association and known REE enrichments. This paper reviews those metallogenetic belts and sets them in their geodynamic context. The most well-known of the REE belts are of Precambrian to Palaeozoic age and occur in Greenland and the Fennoscandian Shield. Of particular importance for their REE potential are the Gardar Province of SW Greenland, the Svecofennian Belt and subsequent Mesoproterozoic rifts in Sweden, and the carbonatites of the Central Iapetus Magmatic Province. However, several zones with significant potential for REE deposits are also identified in central, southern and eastern Europe, including examples in the Bohemian Massif, the Iberian Massif, and the Carpathians.

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Section: Cretaceous To Cenozoic Circum-mediterranean Riftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Europe's rare earth element resource potential: An overview of REE metallogenetic provinces and their geodynamic setting

Goodenough

Schilling

Jönsson

et al. 2016

Ore Geology Reviews

270

136

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“…Equally, sulphate-rich fluids within carbonatite-related hydrothermal systems are widespread, with barite and celestine as common accessories in carbonatite systems (e.g. Nikiforov et al, 2014;Trofanenko et al, 2016;Xie et al, 2015). The key factor for the genesis of sulphide-or sulphate-bearing carbonatite systems is the redox state of the melt or fluid.…”

Section: Wider Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin of secondary heavy rare earth element enrichment in carbonatites: Constraints from the evolution of the Huanglongpu district, China

Smith

Kynický

et al. 2018

Lithos

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The silico-carbonatite dykes of the Huanglongpu area, Lesser Qinling, China, are unusual in that they are quartzbearing, Mo-mineralised and enriched in the heavy rare earth elements (HREE) relative to typical carbonatites. The textures of REE minerals indicate crystallisation of monazite-(Ce), bastnäsite-(Ce), parisite-(Ce) and aeschynite-(Ce) as magmatic phases. Burbankite was also potentially an early crystallising phase. Monazite-(Ce) was subsequently altered to produce a second generation of apatite, which was in turn replaced and overgrown by britholite-(Ce), accompanied by the formation of allanite-(Ce). Bastnäsite and parisite where replaced by synchysite-(Ce) and röntgenite-(Ce). Aeschynite-(Ce) was altered to uranopyrochlore and then pyrochlore with uraninite inclusions. The mineralogical evolution reflects the evolution from magmatic carbonatite, to more silica-rich conditions during early hydrothermal processes, to fully hydrothermal conditions accompanied by the formation of sulphate minerals. Each alteration stage resulted in the preferential leaching of the LREE and enrichment in the HREE. Mass balance considerations indicate hydrothermal fluids must have contributed HREE to the mineralisation. The evolution of the fluorcarbonate mineral assemblage requires an increase in a Ca 2+ and a CO 3 2− in the metasomatic fluid (where a is activity), and breakdown of HREE-enriched calcite may have been the HREE source. Leaching in the presence of strong, LREE-selective ligands (Cl − ) may account for the depletion in late stage minerals in the LREE, but cannot account for subsequent preferential HREE addition. Fluid inclusion data indicate the presence of sulphate-rich brines during alteration, and hence sulphate complexation may have been important for preferential HREE transport. Alongside HREE-enriched magmatic sources, and enrichment during magmatic processes, late stage alteration with non-LREE-selective ligands may be critical in forming HREE-enriched carbonatites.

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“…It is often associated with ore deposits (Bhushan and Kumar, 2013;Foley et al, 2013;Nikiforov et al, 2014), which may be formed directly from subducted carbonates or reactivated by subduction processes (Yang et al, 2009;Ling et al, 2013b). In this volume, carbonatite in South Qinling orogenic belt was attributed to the Early-Middle Triassic recycled Mianlue oceanic crust.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

The Subduction Factory: Geochemical perspectives

Sun

Teng

Niu

et al. 2014

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Kizilcaören ore-bearing complex with carbonatites (northwestern Anatolia, Turkey): Formation time and mineralogy of rocks

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Europe's rare earth element resource potential: An overview of REE metallogenetic provinces and their geodynamic setting

Europe's rare earth element resource potential: An overview of REE metallogenetic provinces and their geodynamic setting

The origin of secondary heavy rare earth element enrichment in carbonatites: Constraints from the evolution of the Huanglongpu district, China

The Subduction Factory: Geochemical perspectives

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