Kisspeptin and the regulation of the reproductive axis in domestic animals

Scott, Christopher J.; Rose, Jessica; Gunn, Allan; McGrath, Briony

doi:10.1530/joe-18-0485

Cited by 41 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(226 reference statements)

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“…There are claims that the KNDy neuronal network is the true controller of the ewe reproductive system, with the GnRH neurones being the primary output signal from the brain (Scott et al, 2018). This is mainly because KNDy cells constitute the GnRH pulse generator: the signal to stimulate a GnRH pulse is initiated by NKB activity within the KNDy neurone network, while dynorphin stops kisspeptin release from the KNDy neurones thus ending a pulse (Lehman et al, 2010).…”

Section: Further In Vivo Studies On Regulation Of Gnrh In Intact Contmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…KNDy cells also receive synaptic input from neurones that contain glutamate, dopamine, and POMC. Thus, KNDy neurones integrate a lot of information about the internal and external environment of animals, and then act on GnRH cell bodies and dendrites in the ARC and mPOA, as well as the median eminence, to influence the release of GnRH into hypophyseal portal blood (Scott et al, 2018).…”

Section: Further In Vivo Studies On Regulation Of Gnrh In Intact Contmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the trade-off between the environment and fertility in cows and ewes

2020

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The environment contributes to production diseases that in turn badly affect cow performance, fertility and culling. Oestrus intensity is lower in lame cows, and in all cows 26% potential oestrus events are not expressed (to avoid getting pregnant). To understand these trade-offs, we need to know how animals react to their environment and how the environment influences hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) interactions with the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis (HPO). Neurotransmitters control secretion of GnRH into hypophyseal portal blood. GnRH/LH pulse amplitude and frequency drive oestradiol production, culminating in oestrus behaviour and a precisely-timed GnRH/LH surge, all of which are disrupted by poor environments. Responses to peripheral neuronal agents give clues about mechanisms, but do these drugs alter perception of stimuli, or suppress consequent responses? In vitro studies confirm some neuronal interactions between the HPA and HPO; and immuno-histochemistry clarifies the location and sequence of inter-neurone activity within the brain. In both species, exogenous corticoids, ACTH and/or CRH act at the pituitary (reduce LH release by GnRH), and hypothalamus (lower GnRH pulse frequency and delay surge release). This requires inter-neurones as GnRH cells do not have receptors for HPA compounds. There are two (simultaneous, therefore fail-safe?) pathways for CRH suppression of GnRH release via CRH-Receptors: one being the regulation of kisspeptin/dynorphin and other cell types in the hypothalamus, and the other being the direct contact between CRH and GnRH cell terminals in the median eminence. When we domesticate animals, we must provide the best possible environment otherwise animals trade-off with lower production, less intense oestrus behaviour, and impaired fertility. Avoiding lifetime peri-parturient problems by managing persistent lactations in cows may be a worthy trade-off on both welfare and economic terms-better than the camouflage use of drugs/hormones/feed additives/intricate technologies? In the long term, getting animals and environment in a more harmonious balance is the ultimate strategy.

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Section: Further In Vivo Studies On Regulation Of Gnrh In Intact Contmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Further In Vivo Studies On Regulation Of Gnrh In Intact Contmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the trade-off between the environment and fertility in cows and ewes

2020

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“…Kisspeptin, currently considered a master regulator of reproductive functions in mammals, activates hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis (Uenoyama, Pheng, Tsukamura, & Maeda, 2016). Kisspeptin is secreted by kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamus and activates gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons resulting in GnRH release (Scott, Rose, Gunn, & McGrath, 2019). The GnRH in turn stimulates the release of the gonadotropins (luteinising hormone and follicle‐stimulating hormone) into the systemic circulation which stimulate the male gonads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum kisspeptin: New possible biomarker for sexual behaviour and sperm concentration in buffalo bulls

Bhardwaj

Kumar

Adnot

et al. 2020

Reprod Domestic Animals

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The study was designed to decipher the inter‐relationship between peripheral hormones (kisspeptin and testosterone), sexual behaviour and seminal variables of Murrah buffalo bulls (n = 134). In this study, we recorded that 13%, 37%, 40%, 6% and 4% Murrah buffalo bulls had reaction time of <30, 31–60, 61–180, 181–300 and >300 s, respectively. Further, it was observed that 4%, 85% and 10% buffalo bulls were sexually aggressive, active and dull, respectively, during semen collection. The courtship behaviour was not found to be desirable for the bulls used for the semen collection. Mean of ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and mass motility (0–5 scale) were 3.57 ml, 977.11 million/ml, 2.7, respectively. Correlation studies revealed that the reaction time was positively correlated with courtship behaviour and body weight, and negatively correlated with sexual aggressiveness and sperm concentration. Serum kisspeptin in buffalo bulls, measured for the first time, was found to 3.8 ± 0.7 ng/ml. Serum kisspeptin and testosterone level are negatively correlated to each other and kisspeptin level influenced the sexual behaviour (reaction time, sexual aggressiveness and penile erection) of study bulls. Serum kisspeptin was higher in the buffalo bulls with higher sperm concentration indicating its role in spermatogenesis. In conclusion, for the first time basic information related to sexual behaviour of Murrah buffalo bulls in large population along with its inter‐relationship with peripheral hormones (kisspeptin and testosterone) has been documented.

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“…Importantly, the response of GP64 cells to E2 was opposite to that of GA28 cells, a goat KNDy neuron cell line, whose KISS1 expression was significantly suppressed by E2 treatment [43]. In addition, the GP64 cells showed an expression of kisspeptin and ERα at the The POA/AVPV kisspeptin neurons are indicated to be direct targets of estrogen positive feedback [29,30,35,47,48], which is one of the most important characteristics of the neurons to induce GnRH/LH surge in female mammals. Previous in vivo studies have demonstrated that E2 treatment increased KISS1 expression in AVPV kisspeptin neurons in rodents [28,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Estrogen increases <i>KISS1</i> expression in newly generated immortalized <i>KISS1</i>-expressing cell line derived from goat preoptic area

Oshimo

Munetomo

Magata

et al. 2021

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Kisspeptin neurons located in the hypothalamic preoptic area (POA) are suggested to be responsible for the induction of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) surge and the following luteinizing hormone (LH) surge to regulate female mammals' ovulation. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the preovulatory level of estrogen activates the POA kisspeptin neurons (estrogen positive feedback), which in turn induces a GnRH/LH surge. This study aimed to derive a cell line from goat POA kisspeptin neurons as an in vitro model to analyze the estrogen positive feedback mechanism in ruminants. Neuron-derived cell clones obtained by the immortalization of POA tissue from a female Shiba goat fetus were analyzed for the expression of kisspeptin (KISS1) and estrogen receptor α (ESR1) genes using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and three cell clones were selected as POA kisspeptin neuron cell line candidates. One cell line (GP64) out of the three clones showed significant increase in the KISS1 level by incubation with estradiol for 24 h, indicating that the GP64 cells mimic endogenous goat POA kisspeptin neurons. The GP64 cells showed immunoreactivities for kisspeptin and estrogen receptor α and retained a stable growth rate throughout three passages. Further, intracellular calcium levels in the GP64 cells were increased by the KCl challenge, indicating their neurosecretory ability. In conclusion, we generated a new KISS1expressing cell line derived from goat POA. The current GP64 cell line could be a useful model to elucidate the estrogen positive feedback mechanism responsible for the GnRH/LH surge generation in ruminants.

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Kisspeptin and the regulation of the reproductive axis in domestic animals

Cited by 41 publications

References 121 publications

Understanding the trade-off between the environment and fertility in cows and ewes

Understanding the trade-off between the environment and fertility in cows and ewes

Serum kisspeptin: New possible biomarker for sexual behaviour and sperm concentration in buffalo bulls

Estrogen increases <i>KISS1</i> expression in newly generated immortalized <i>KISS1</i>-expressing cell line derived from goat preoptic area

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