Kisspeptin and Puberty in Mammals

Terasawa, Ei; Guerriero, Kathryn A.; Plant, Tony M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_12

Cited by 89 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…1; reviewed in Clarke (2011), Hameed et al (2011), Wahab et al (2011b, George & Seminara (2012), Pinilla et al (2012) and Terasawa et al (2013)). The finding of the involvement of KP and its receptor Kiss1r in the initiation and maintenance of reproduction is considered as one of the most important discoveries made in the field of reproductive neuroendocrinology (Seminara & Kaiser 2005).…”

Section: Role Of Kp In Regulation Of Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, an activating mutation has also been described in KISS1R in humans, which leads to an early attainment of reproductive ability in pubertal females, because this mutation (Arg386Pro) results in a long-lasting activation of KISS1R in response to KP (Teles et al 2008). Therefore, an intact KP-KISS1R system is considered to be very important in order to achieve reproductive capacity and its continuation in adults (reviewed in Seminara & Kaiser (2005), Hameed et al (2011), Wahab et al (2011b, Pinilla et al (2012) and Terasawa et al (2013)). …”

Section: Role Of Kp In Regulation Of Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The involvement of gonadotropin inhibitory hormone and kisspeptin in the metabolic regulation of reproduction

Wahab¹,

Shahab²,

Behr³

2015

Journal of Endocrinology

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Recently, kisspeptin (KP) and gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH), two counteracting neuropeptides, have been acknowledged as significant regulators of reproductive function. KP stimulates reproduction while GnIH inhibits it. These two neuropeptides seem to be pivotal for the modulation of reproductive activity in response to internal and external cues. It is well-documented that the current metabolic status of the body is closely linked to its reproductive output. However, how reproductive function is regulated by the body's energy status is less clear. Recent studies have suggested an active participation of hypothalamic KP and GnIH in the modulation of reproductive function according to available metabolic cues. Expression of KISS1, the KP encoding gene, is decreased while expression of RFRP (NPVF), the gene encoding GnIH, is increased in metabolic deficiency conditions. The lower levels of KP, as suggested by a decrease in KISS1 gene mRNA expression, during metabolic deficiency can be corrected by administration of exogenous KP, which leads to an increase in reproductive hormone levels. Likewise, administration of RF9, a GnIH receptor antagonist, can reverse the inhibitory effect of fasting on testosterone in monkeys. Together, it is likely that the integrated function of both these hypothalamic neuropeptides works as a reproductive output regulator in response to a change in metabolic status. In this review, we have summarized literature from nonprimate and primate studies that demonstrate the involvement of KP and GnIH in the metabolic regulation of reproduction.

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Section: Role Of Kp In Regulation Of Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Role Of Kp In Regulation Of Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The involvement of gonadotropin inhibitory hormone and kisspeptin in the metabolic regulation of reproduction

Wahab¹,

Shahab²,

Behr³

2015

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Thus, kisspeptin has the ability to directly communicate the actions of ovarian steroids to GnRH neurons and influence GnRH and LH secretion. However, it is unlikely that kisspeptin is the only neuronal intermediate communicating steroid feedback to GnRH neurons [21,22].…”

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confidence: 99%

Neuroanatomical Relationship of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Kisspeptin Neurons in Adult Female Sheep and Primates

Bedenbaugh¹,

McCosh²,

Lopez³

et al. 2018

Neuroendocrinology

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Background: Neuronal intermediates that communicate estrogen and progesterone feedback to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are essential for modulating reproductive cyclicity. Individually, kisspeptin and nitric oxide (NO) influence GnRH secretion. However, it is possible these 2 neuronal intermediates interact with one another to affect reproductive cyclicity. Methods: We investigated the neuroanatomical relationship of one isoform of the enzyme that synthesizes NO, neuronal NO synthase (nNOS), to kisspeptin and GnRH in adult female rhesus monkeys and sheep using dual-label immunofluorescence. Additionally, we evaluated if the phase of the reproductive cycle would affect these relationships. Results: Overall, no effect of the stage of cycle was observed for any variable in this study. In the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of sheep, 98.8 ± 3.5% of kisspeptin neurons colocalized with nNOS, and kisspeptin close-contacts were observed onto nNOS neurons. In contrast to ewes, no colocalization was observed between kisspeptin and nNOS in the infundibular ARC of primates, but kisspeptin fibers were apposed to nNOS neurons. In the preoptic area of ewes, 15.0 ± 4.2% of GnRH neurons colocalized with nNOS. In primates, 38.8 ± 10.1% of GnRH neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus colocalized with nNOS, and GnRH close-contacts were observed onto nNOS neurons in both sheep and primates. Conclusion: Although species differences were observed, this work establishes a neuroanatomical framework between nNOS and kisspeptin and nNOS and GnRH in adult female nonhuman primates and sheep.

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“…As mentioned above, the output of the pulse generator is posited to be relayed from the arcuate nucleus to the GnRH neuronal network by release of kisspeptin from axonal terminals originating from KNDy neurons. According to this model, kisspeptin of arcuate nucleus origin should be viewed simply as a GnRH pulse generating peptide (Terasawa, et al 2013).It is probably no exaggeration to say that the discovery of the impact of loss-of-function mutations in GPR54 on the reproductive axis led to a profound and much needed Author Manuscript revitalization to the study of GnRH neuroendocrinology, a field that had begun to stagnate in the 1990s. …”

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confidence: 99%

“…This view is based on the finding that in the monkey intermittent neurochemical stimulation of the juvenile hypothalamus with a glutamate receptor agonist will lead with surprising ease to an adult like pattern of pulsatile GnRH release and precocious puberty ( Figure 6) (Plant, et al 1989). Moreover, compelling evidence is now at hand indicating that the proximal stimulus responsible for the activation of robust GnRH pulsatility at the onset of spontaneous puberty is indeed an intermittent release of kisspeptin that is generated by the re-awakening of the GnRH pulse generator in the arcuate nucleus (Terasawa et al 2013). The mechanisms that turn the GnRH pulse generator off during infancy, maintain it in a state of suspended animation during juvenile development, and reawaken it at the termination of juvenile development are poorly understood (Plant 2015) and provide a major challenge for the future.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal Axis

2009

Encyclopedia of Neuroscience

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IntroductionIn the fourth chapter of Geoffrey Harris' widely acclaimed 1955 monograph (Harris 1955), which now 60 years later provides the corner stone of this special issue of the journal, he succinctly and systematically presented his views, and the evidence upon which they were based, on the neural mechanisms controlling the pituitary-gonadal axis. That gonadal function was under control by the central nervous system was well established at the time of Harris' monograph, as was the recognition of the gonad-stimulating properties of pituitary gonadotropin, the relative insignificance of gonadal nerves to gonadal function and the concept of neurosecretion. The problem for Harris and his fellow neuroendocrinologists was how did the hypothalamus regulate the secretion of the anterior pituitary hormones, specifically gonadotropin in the context of this review, and what was the role of the hypopophysial portal system in this regard. After elegantly interpreting and summarizing the extant data, Harris proposed that of the hypotheses that were being debated at the time "the most likely seems to be that nerve fibres from the hypothalmus liberate some humoral substance(s) into the capillaries of the primary plexus in the median eminence and that this substance is carried by the portal vessels to excite or inhibit the cells of the pars distalis." It is to be recalled, that this idea had been proposed by Harris and Green and Harris on several occasions prior to publication of the monograph (see Harris, 1955). It is also worth noting that the evidence upon which Harris' hypothesis was based had been obtained primarily from studies of the female, most likely because ovulation was a discrete and readily detected event and, at the time, the only reliable surrogate marker of acute hypothalamic activation.The main purpose of the present chapter is to describe the essential refinements and additional complexities that have been added to the fundamental model Harris put forward in 1955 for the neuroendocrine control of gonadal function (Figure 1). The major additions Postal address: Magee-Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue; Room B311, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA, planttm@mwri.magee.edu. Declaration of interest: I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of my interpretation of the research reported in this review. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Manuscriptto the neuroendocrinologist's armamentarium that have facilitated the development of the ideas of Harris are, according to an historical timeline, the introduction of radioimmunoassay to measure concentrations of pituitary and gonadal hormones in the peripheral circulation and GnRH in portal blood, the development of immunohistochemical techniques to localize neuropeptides and neurotransmitters in the hypothalamus, the application of techniques in molecular endocrinology to the study of gene expression in the hypothalamus and pituitary, the introduction of transgeni...

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Kisspeptin and Puberty in Mammals

Cited by 89 publications

References 100 publications

The involvement of gonadotropin inhibitory hormone and kisspeptin in the metabolic regulation of reproduction

The involvement of gonadotropin inhibitory hormone and kisspeptin in the metabolic regulation of reproduction

Neuroanatomical Relationship of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Kisspeptin Neurons in Adult Female Sheep and Primates

Hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal Axis

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