Kirkendall Effect Boosts Phosphorylated nZVI for Efficient Heavy Metal Wastewater Treatment

Li, Meiqi; Shang, Hai; Li, Hao; Hong, Yanfeng; Ling, Cancan; Wei, Kai; Zhou, Biao; Mao, Chengliang; Ai, Zhihui; Zhang, Lizhi

doi:10.1002/anie.202104586

Cited by 122 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This denotes that the nZVI surface was certainly wrapped with an oxide layer having a thickness of <10 nm [35,36]. Nevertheless, earlier studies illustrated that the surface oxide layer possesses several active adsorption sites [37], which is supportive of the adsorption of Cr(VI) [38].…”

Section: Xpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from an Aquatic System Using Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Supported by Ramie Biochar

et al. 2021

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In this study, ramie biochar (RBC) was used to activate nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) to enhance hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) removal. The best results were obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C, a biochar particle size of < 150 μm, and an iron to carbon ratio = 1:1. Under the optimal conditions, the removal of Cr(VI) by RBC600-nZVI (98.69%) was much greater than that of RBC600 (12.42%) and nZVI (58.26%). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that the reaction mechanism at the Fe and Cr interface was a multiple interaction mechanism with reduction dominated, adsorption, and co-precipitation simultaneously. The enhanced performance of RBC600-nZVI resulted from the effective dispersion of nZVI on the surface of RBC600, therefore increasing the adsorption activity sites. At the same time, RBC600 and nZVI exerted a synergistic influence on the composite structure, which jointly promoted the reduction reaction of Cr(VI) and removed more Cr(VI). This study shows that RBC-nZVI is a potentially valuable remediation material that not only provides a new idea for the utilization of ramie waste, but also effectively overcomes the limitations of nZVI, thus, achieving efficient and rapid remediation of Cr(VI).

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Section: Xpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from an Aquatic System Using Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Supported by Ramie Biochar

et al. 2021

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“…As a strong semiconductor, ,, Fe 3 O 4 can facilitate the electron transfer from the nFe 0 core to the shell. Therefore, the reduction of metal(loid)s (e.g., U(VI) and Ni(II)) by iron nanoparticles might be improved with the presence of the Fe 3 O 4 shell. , In addition, the shell structure of iron nanoparticles is chemically heterogeneous and defective, which is also beneficial to the adsorption of contaminants via electrostatic interactions and/or surface complexation. ,− In sum, the natures of the shell inevitably impact the reaction of metal(loid)s with iron nanoparticles, , because the reduction and deposition of metal(loid)s initially occur on the shell of iron nanoparticles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the core–shell structure leads to iron nanoparticles having multiple functions, and iron nanoparticles can sequestrate various metal(loid)s (e.g., Au(III), Ag(I), Cu(II), Cr(VI), Se(IV)/Se(VI), As(III)/As(V), Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II), etc. ), ,,,− through a mixture of transformation, adsorption, complexation, and/or coprecipitation processes. , In most cases, nFe 0 and the target metal(loid) are of the reducing agent (anode) and oxidizing agent (cathode), respectively. Therefore, the key determinant for the transformation mechanism of a metal(loid) by the core–shell iron nanoparticles is the standard redox potential ( E 0 ) of the metal(loid) relative to that of the Fe 0 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, some other metals including Zn(II) and Cs(I) can only be removed by the core–shell iron nanoparticles via sorption and/or complexion, , since their E 0 values are very close to or more negative than that of Fe 0 . Moreover, the metal cations such as Ni(II) and Co(II) with E 0 slightly more positive than Fe 0 will be sequestrated via both sorption and reduction. , In general, the transformation of the metal(loid)s is largely controlled by the core (i.e., nFe 0 ) and shell structures of iron nanoparticles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the chemical reactions of iron nanoparticles with metal(loid)s in water should be both thermodynamically favorable and kinetically feasible. In this connection, on one hand, the (hydr)oxide shell structure of iron nanoparticles should be particularly concerned, since the shell can facilitate or inhibit the inward diffusion of metal(loid)s and electron transfer of the nFe 0 core to metal(loid)s. , More importantly, the shell structure of iron nanoparticles is facilely subject to containing cracks, defects, and band boundaries in a water slurry, ,,, which can enable efficient electron passage and high reactivity for sequestrating metal(loid)s by the iron nanoparticles. On the other hand, the characters and concentration of the metal(loid)s, along with the reaction conditions, are also significant for the reaction kinetics of metal(loid)s with the core–shell iron nanoparticles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Architectural Genesis of Metal(loid)s with Iron Nanoparticle in Water

Guan

Zhang

2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Reactions of core–shell iron nanoparticles with metal(loid)s in water can form an array of nanostructures such as Ag-seed/dendrite, As-subshell, U-yolk, Co-hollowshell, and Cs-spot. Nonetheless, there is a lack of profound understanding in the genesis of these amazing geometries. Herein, we propose a concept to unravel the interdiffusion between the core–shell iron nanoparticle and metal(loid)s, where several key interactions including the Kirkendall effect, metal(loid) character effect, and reaction condition effect are involved in determining the structure of the final solid reaction products. Particularly, the architectural growths of metal(loid)s with iron nanoparticles in water can be manipulated mutually or singly by the following factors: standard redox potential difference, magnetic property, electrical charge and conductivity, as well as the iron (hydr)oxide shell structure under different solution chemistry and operation conditions. This contribution provides a theoretical basis to rationalize the architectural genesis of various metal(loid)s with iron nanoparticles, which will benefit the real practice for synthesizing functional iron-based nanoparticles and recovering the rare/precious metal(loid)s by iron nanoparticles from water.

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Strained Zero‐Valent Iron for Highly Efficient Heavy Metal Removal

Wei

Liu

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Microscale zero-valent iron is one of the most important multifunctional environmental remediation materials, yet its passivated iron oxide shell hampers the transportation of inherent electrons. Herein, the authors exert tensile strain onto mZVI by interstitial boron doping that destabilizes lattice FeFe interactions, thereby liberating the electrons trapped in the iron reservoir. Tensile strain also upshifts the equilibrated Fermi level at the iron/iron oxide Ohmic heterojunction, thus populating the oxide shell with abundant electrons for robust heavy metal sequestration. Strained-mZVI exhibits a 62 times faster Cr(VI) removal rate than its unstrained counterpart and can successfully treat industrial wastewater such as landfill leachate, electroplating, and chromium effluents. The excellent property and exceedingly low cost ($2000 ton −1 ) of strained-mZVI results in its great potential to remediate heavy metal-contaminated water and soil.

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Kirkendall Effect Boosts Phosphorylated nZVI for Efficient Heavy Metal Wastewater Treatment

Cited by 122 publications

References 36 publications

Efficient Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from an Aquatic System Using Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Supported by Ramie Biochar

Efficient Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from an Aquatic System Using Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Supported by Ramie Biochar

Architectural Genesis of Metal(loid)s with Iron Nanoparticle in Water

Strained Zero‐Valent Iron for Highly Efficient Heavy Metal Removal

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