Kinoform Lenses

Abstract

A technique for accurately figuring very thin, lightweight lenses is discussed. The phase change required to focus a plane wave into a point is calculated and photographically plotted with exposure proportional to phase (scaled from 0 to 2pi). The plot is photoreduced and the photoreduction is etched, with the depth of etch approximately proportional to the exposure. The result is a kinoform lens. Photographs taken with a kinoform lens are included.

Assessment of imaging with extended depth-of-field by means of the light sword lens in terms of visual acuity scale

“…Angular sectors of oppositely growing dioptric power with widths Θ = π/4 and π/2, respectively, were implemented in the second and third cases. Elements are presented in the form of a kinoform [30].…”

“…We assumed monochromatic, spatially incoherent light with a wavelength of 555 nm, corresponding to the highest sensitivity of the human eye in photopic vision [21,22]. We also used phase masks as counterparts (kinoforms [30]) of refractive elements defined by Eq. (3).…”

Real-time three-dimensional object reconstruction by use of a phase-encoded digital hologram

“…It is well known that the phase distribution, that is a wave front, contains 3D position information of point sources. Phase-only hologram or information is used in kinoform 12,13 and diffractive optical elements for interconnection, 14,15 imaging or optical elements such as lenses and prisms. The proposed method is suitable for real-time optical reconstruction of the 3D object because phase-only reconstruction allows us to use commercially available display devices, such as liquid-crystal spatial light modulator͑s͒ ͑SLM͒͑s͒.…”

Fabrication of Binary Diffractive Lens on Optical Films by Electron Beam Lithography

“…To improve light efficiency, kinoform was invented by J. A. Jordan (Jordan et al, 1970). Recently, binary optics technology was developed using CAD design and VLSI technology (Swason and Veldkamp, 1989).…”