Kinins are not Liberated by Working Skeletal Muscle in the Majority of Patients with Essential Hypertension

Review: Angiotensin-converting enzyme in skeletal muscle: sentinel of blood pressure control and glucose homeostasis

“…150 This scenario is also seen in the vast vasculature of SMT and its huge parenchyma, with an accelerated degradation of kinins by reduced release of these peptides from the working tissue. 155,156 As SMT has twenty times more mass than all tissues combined and possesses the largest vascular network, dysfunctions in this tissue will negatively impact not only the regulation of adequate energy supply in the working tissue itself, [157][158][159] but will also compromise the control of BP and glucose homeostasis in the whole organism. It is therefore not surprising that a disruption of ACE activity by these risk factors is accompanied by an exaggerated BP response during a workload 160 and by impaired insulin sensitivity in the face of a glucose challenge 161,162 (table 1).…”