Taxonomic classification and phylogenetic analysis of the
Neisseriaceae
family have focused on the pathogens
Neisseria meningitidis
and
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
. Less is known about the relationships of commensal
Neisseria
species and other
Neisseriaceae
genera, raising the possibility that the phylogeny of this family may not agree with current taxonomy. In this study, we used available nucleotide sequences and a phylogenetic approach to assess the
Kingella
genus and its relatives. We found that this genus is both paraphyletic and polyphyletic.
Kingella potus
is more closely related to
Neisseria bacilliformis
than to other
Kingella
species. The
Alysiella
and
Simonsiella
genera form a distinct clade within the
Kingella
genus that is closely related to the pathogens
K. kingae
and
K. negevensis
. We find a phylogenetic relationship between
Conchiformibius
,
Alysiella
,
Simonsiella
, and
Kingella
, which we name the CASK clade. Finally, we define the gene sets that differentiate each genus of the CASK clade from one another and from the rest of the
Neisseriaceae
family.
IMPORTANCE
Understanding the evolutionary relationships between the species in the
Neisseriaceae
family has been a persistent challenge in bacterial systematics due to high recombination rates in these species. Previous studies of this family have focused on
Neisseria meningitidis
and
N. gonorrhoeae
. However, previously understudied
Neisseriaceae
species are gaining new attention, with
Kingella kingae
now recognized as a common human pathogen and with
Alysiella
and
Simonsiella
being unique in the bacterial world as multicellular organisms. A better understanding of the genomic evolution of the
Neisseriaceae
can lead to the identification of specific genes and traits that underlie the remarkable diversity of this family.