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Brown, Keith M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-22419-7

Cited by 20 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…14 In Scotland, an existing economic slump had been worsened by the fiscal initiatives of the Crown, placing further strain upon the kingdom's merchants through additional taxation. 15 Unease on the Borders, both social and economic, continued with the advance of plague and although Scottish trade continued through Berwick, that entering Newcastle fell to near negligible levels in 1638-39 and consisted of a single Scottish vessel recorded as entering the port. 16 To some, the wider economic decline and sufferings of Newcastle were intimately intertwined with the crisis of religious conscience that was engulfing much of the country in reaction to Laudianism.…”

Section: The Outbreak Of Hostilities and The Economy Of North-easternmentioning

confidence: 98%

Economic Causes and Consequences of the Scottish Invasions of North-East England, 1637–1647

Greenhall

2012

Northern History

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THE YEARS between the beginning of the Covenanting movement in 1637 and the end of the second Civil War in 1648 were some of the most turbulent and unsettled in Anglo-Scottish history, representing a time when English and Scottish histories were, in the words of Frances Dow, 'more closely interwoven than at any other time between the Union of the Crowns in 1603 and the Treaty of Union of 1707'. 1 Between these years, the Atlantic Archipelago witnessed seismic shifts in the level and nature of interaction between its component kingdoms and regions, giving rise to such regularly coined phrases as 'multiple monarchy', the 'British wars' and the 'war of three kingdoms'. 2 Engulfing much of the Atlantic Archipelago between 1637 and 1651, the conflicts were unprecedented in their demographic destruction and the social and political forces they unleashed. Unsurprisingly, therefore, the intricacies of the conflict have received much historiographical attention. Lengthy accounts have been produced charting their political, social and military course, whether at local, regional or national levels. Events in north-eastern England in particular have been explored in some detail owing to its early experience of military hostility and occupation in 1640. 3 Yet despite a number of excellent regional works, the historio graphy has frequently overlooked the commercial intricacies of the conflict and, despite the importance of the Covenanter invasion, has not fully considered events north of the Border. 4 This article offers an economic re-evaluation and a cross-border approach 1

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Section: The Outbreak Of Hostilities and The Economy Of North-easternmentioning

confidence: 98%

Economic Causes and Consequences of the Scottish Invasions of North-East England, 1637–1647

Greenhall

2012

Northern History

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“…Copies were immediately despatched to England but too late, the following day the Engager army, led by the James, 1st Duke of Hamilton (1606-49), was roundly defeated by Cromwell at the battle of Preston. 33 We have no evidence that the armies of Alexander Leslie, 1st earl of Leven (c.1580Leven (c. -1661, in 1639-41 and 1643-47, the Duke of Hamilton in 1648 or David Leslie (d.1682) in 1650 and 1651 carried printing presses. The accounts from Leven's army of 1643-47 appear to make no mention of a press or printed matter.…”

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confidence: 92%

The Press and Military Conflict in Early Modern Scotland

Mann¹

2002

Fighting for Identity

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A soldier fights for three separate but sometimes associated reasons: for duty, for payment and for cause. Nathianiel Hawthorne once said of valour, however, that 'he is only brave who has affections to fight for'. Those soldiers who are prepared most readily to risk their lives are those driven by political and religious passions. From the advent of printing to the present day the printed word has provided governments and generals with a means to galvanise support and to delineate both the emotional and rational reasons for participation in conflict. Like steel and gunpowder, the press was generally available to all military propagandists in early modern Europe, and so a press war was characteristic of outbreaks of civil war and inter-national war, and thus it was for those conflicts involving the Scottish soldier. Did Scotland's early modern soldiers carry print into battle? Paul Huhnerfeld, the biographer of the German philosopher and Nazi Martin Heidegger, provides the curious revelation that German soldiers who died at the Russian front in the Second World War were to be found with copies of Heidegger's popular philosophical works, with all their nihilism and anti-Semitism, in their knapsacks. 1 The evidence for such proximity between print and combat is inconclusive for early modern Scotland, at least in any large scale. Officers and military chaplains certainly obtained religious pamphlets during the covenanting period from 1638 to 1651. The major Scottish regiments of the Low Countries, raised in 1586, 1603 and 1628 in order to fight the Spanish, had a number of chaplains, the longest serving being Andrew Hunter who ministered to the soldiers from 1590 to 1630. Hunter was in 1604 in debt to the great Edinburgh bookseller and printer Andro Hart (c.1565-1621), a committed presbyterian who had even been a 'puritan' spy for Queen Elizabeth. It is most likely that Hunter was providing his regiment with liturgical printed matter and in particular printings of the Confession of Faith. Like William Wallace, the elder and factor of Veere in Zeeland (Scotland's staple port), who took it upon himself in 1618 and 1619 to buy Scottish Psalters for his church and Scottish merchant community, Hunter had clear print obligations. As for English language bibles, though expensive to the ordinary soldier, the Low Countries was awash with English language editions from the late 1620s. 2 Military chaplains were, like blacksmiths, specialists whose weapons were not swords or muskets. Their importance to military campaigns was quite specific, even though most specialists surely carried weapons for use in emergencies. Thus it was for booksellers and more especially printers who, of course, were skilled in the art and science of printing. Some book traders did enlist as ordinary soldiers, as did the Edinburgh bookseller Andrew Symers who joined the Jacobite army in 1745. Part-time soldiering was also taken up: the printer George Mosman (f.1685-1707) was a captain in the Edinburgh militia in the 1690s. 3 Others had a background of...

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Revolution and Restoration, 1658–65

Krey¹

2007

Restoration and Revolution in Britain

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Kingdom or Province?

Cited by 20 publications

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Economic Causes and Consequences of the Scottish Invasions of North-East England, 1637–1647

Economic Causes and Consequences of the Scottish Invasions of North-East England, 1637–1647

The Press and Military Conflict in Early Modern Scotland

Revolution and Restoration, 1658–65

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