Kinetochore composition and its function: lessons from yeasts

Yamagishi, Yuya; Sakuno, Takeshi; Goto, Yuhei; Watanabe, Yoshinori

doi:10.1111/1574-6976.12049

Cited by 45 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 159 publications

(207 reference statements)

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“…The structure and organization of the centromeres themselves, however, vary considerably (14,140). Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromeres are specified by a 125-bp sequence, which is necessary and sufficient to drive kinetochore assembly (24,25), whereas the regional centromeres of many species range from a few hundreds of base pairs to megabases in length.…”

Section: What Defines a Centromere?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Centromere Associations in Meiotic Chromosome Pairing

Ines

White

2015

Annu. Rev. Genet.

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Production of gametes of halved ploidy for sexual reproduction requires a specialized cell division called meiosis. The fusion of two gametes restores the original ploidy in the new generation, and meiosis thus stabilizes ploidy across generations. To ensure balanced distribution of chromosomes, pairs of homologous chromosomes (homologs) must recognize each other and pair in the first meiotic division. Recombination plays a key role in this in most studied species, but it is not the only actor and particular chromosomal regions are known to facilitate the meiotic pairing of homologs. In this review, we focus on the roles of centromeres and in particular on the clustering and pairwise associations of nonhomologous centromeres that precede stable pairing between homologs. Although details vary from species to species, it is becoming increasingly clear that these associations play active roles in the meiotic chromosome pairing process, analogous to those of the telomere bouquet.

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Section: What Defines a Centromere?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Centromere Associations in Meiotic Chromosome Pairing

Ines

White

2015

Annu. Rev. Genet.

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“…Sister kinetochores are bi-oriented by being pulled to opposite poles (equational segregation) in a process of kinetochore-microtubule atachment called amphitelic. In this process that occurs in mitosis and meiosis II, sister-chromatids cohesion associated with chromatin is separated by the protease separase at the beginning of anaphase where chromosomes become bi-oriented (Figure 3) [26].…”

Section: Chromosomes and Chromatids In Meiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatid Abnormalities in Meiosis: A Brief Review and a Case Study in the Genus Agave (Asparagales, Asparagaceae)

Rodrı́guez-Garay¹

2017

Chromosomal Abnormalities - A Hallmark Manifestation of Genomic Instability

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The genus Agave is distributed in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world and represents a large group of succulent plants, with about 200 taxa from 136 species, and its center of origin is probably limited to Mexico. It is divided into two subgenera: Litaea and Agave based on the architecture of the inlorescence; the subgenus Litaea has a spicate or racemose inlorescence, while plants of the subgenus Agave have a paniculate inlorescence with lowers in umbellate clusters on lateral branches. As the main conclusion of this study, a hypothesis rises from the described observations: frying pan-shaped chromosomes are formed by sister chromatid exchanges and a premature kinetochore movement in prophase II, which are meiotic aberrations that exist in these phylogenetic distant species, Agave stricta and A. angustifolia since ancient times in their evolution, and this may be due to genes that are prone to act under diverse kinds of environmental stress.

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“…In mammals, PP1 antagonizes Aurora B phosphorylation of Ndc80, resulting in stabilization of the kinetochore to MT attachment. The mitotic checkpoint kinase Mps1 phosphorylates Knl1 of budding yeast, fission yeast and humans (Yamagishi and others 2014) at the threonine of the more centrally located MELT or MELT-like motifs. While the exact number of these motifs varies, their presence is conserved in the species that have Knl1.…”

Section: Knl1/spc105/spc7mentioning

confidence: 99%

The kinetochore interaction network (KIN) of ascomycetes

Freitag

2016

Mycologia

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Chromosome segregation relies on coordinated activity of a large assembly of proteins, the “Kinetochore Interaction Network” (KIN). How conserved the underlying mechanisms driving the epigenetic phenomenon of centromere and kinetochore assembly and maintenance are remains unclear, even though various eukaryotic models have been studied. More than 50 different proteins, many in multiple copies, comprise the KIN or are associated with fungal centromeres and kinetochores. Proteins isolated from immune sera recognized centromeric regions on chromosomes and were thus named centromere proteins (“CENPs”). CENP-A, sometimes called “centromere-specific H3” (CenH3), is incorporated into nucleosomes within or near centromeres. The “constitutive centromere-associated network” (CCAN) assembles on this specialized chromatin, likely based on specific interactions with and requiring presence of CENP-C. The outer kinetochore comprises the Knl1-Mis12-Ndc80 (“KMN”) protein complexes that connect the CCAN to spindles, accomplished by binding and stabilizing microtubules (MTs) and in the process generating load-bearing assemblies for chromatid segregation. In most fungi the Dam1/DASH complex connects the KMN complexes to MTs. Fungi present a rich resource to investigate mechanistic commonalities but also differences in kinetochore architecture. While ascomycetes have sets of CCAN and KMN proteins that are conserved with those of either budding yeast or metazoans, searching other major branches of the fungal kingdom revealed that CCAN proteins are poorly conserved at the primary sequence level. Several conserved binding motifs or domains within KMN complexes have been described recently, and these features of ascomycete KIN proteins are shared with most metazoan proteins. In addition, several ascomycete-specific domains have been identified here.

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Kinetochore composition and its function: lessons from yeasts

Cited by 45 publications

References 159 publications

Centromere Associations in Meiotic Chromosome Pairing

Centromere Associations in Meiotic Chromosome Pairing

Chromatid Abnormalities in Meiosis: A Brief Review and a Case Study in the Genus Agave (Asparagales, Asparagaceae)

The kinetochore interaction network (KIN) of ascomycetes

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