Kinetika epoksidirane oleinske kiseline dobivene iz palmina ulja <i>in situ</i> proizvedenom permravljom kiselinom

Jalil, Mohd Jumain; Zaini, Mohd Saufi Md; Yamin, Aliff Farhan Mohd; Chang, Siu Hua; Mora, Norhashimah; Hâdi, Abdul

doi:10.15255/kui.2018.039

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The OOC was determined using the American Oil Chemists Society's official method Cd 9‐57 18 . The RCO [Eqn (8)] was determined based on the OOC value, which was determined theoretically [Eqn (9)] and experimentally [Eqn (10)] 19

R C O = \frac{O O C_{experimental}}{O O C_{theoretical}} \times 100

O O C_{theoretical} = {(\frac{X_{0}}{A_{i}}) / [100 + (\frac{X_{0}}{2 A_{i}}) (A_{o})]} \times A_{o} \times 100

O O C_{experimental} = 1.6 \times N \times \frac{(V - B)}{W}

Here,

X_{0}

is the initial iodine value,

A_{i}

is the molar mass of iodine,

A_{o}

is the molar mass of oxygen,

N

is the normality of HBr,

V

is the volume of the HBr solution used for the blank in milliliters, B is the volume of the HBr solution used for titration in mililiters and

W

is the weight of the sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Eco‐friendly polyol through in situ hydroxylation from epoxidation of palm oleic acid via heterogeneous catalyst

Azmi

Hâdi

Jalil

2022

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The world's consumption of raw materials has shifted from the use of non‐renewable materials to renewable materials. Studies on greener epoxidation using vegetable oils to produce eco‐friendly polyol have also increased. This study aims to produce polyol‐based epoxidized palm oleic acid with a high hydroxyl value by a novel method which is continuous hydroxylation of epoxidized palm oleic acid using a heterogeneous catalyst. Starting from the raw palm oleic acid, the double bonds are functionalized by introducing epoxy groups and ring‐opened to produce hydroxyl groups. The best process parameters for epoxidation were optimized to maximize the oxirane value and to focus on oxirane stability. The relative conversion to the oxirane percentage was maximum (82%) after 30 min of epoxidation reaction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed an absorption peak at a wavelength of 3300 cm−1, indicating the presence of a hydroxyl group when polyol was analyzed. Overall, polyol with a high hydroxyl value (339 mg KOH/g), high yield (80.7%) and average molecular weight of 1045 Da was successfully produced from palm oleic acid using continuous hydroxylation of epoxidized oleic acid. Based on hydroxyl value and average molecular weight, the polyol is deemed suitable for producing rigid polyurethane foam. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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R C O = \frac{O O C_{experimental}}{O O C_{theoretical}} \times 100

O O C_{theoretical} = {(\frac{X_{0}}{A_{i}}) / [100 + (\frac{X_{0}}{2 A_{i}}) (A_{o})]} \times A_{o} \times 100

O O C_{experimental} = 1.6 \times N \times \frac{(V - B)}{W}

Here,

X_{0}

is the initial iodine value,

A_{i}

is the molar mass of iodine,

A_{o}

is the molar mass of oxygen,

N

is the normality of HBr,

V

is the volume of the HBr solution used for the blank in milliliters, B is the volume of the HBr solution used for titration in mililiters and

W

is the weight of the sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 The RCO [Eqn (8)] was determined based on the OOC value, which was determined theoretically [Eqn (9)] and experimentally [Eqn (10)]. 19 RCO OOC OOC u experimental theoretical 100 (8)…”

Section: Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco‐friendly polyol through in situ hydroxylation from epoxidation of palm oleic acid via heterogeneous catalyst

Azmi

Hâdi

Jalil

2022

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…3 The use of petroleum-based products, such as epoxidized resin, has a significant impact on the environment, including depletion of non-renewable energy sources, high initial processing costs, and potential health hazards. 4 Epoxidation of vegetable oils is becom-Abbreviations: DHSA, Dihydroxystearic acid; EDX, Energy Dispersive X-ray; SEM, Scanning Electron Microscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances of ring opening of epoxidation of palm oil derived from oleic acid via in situ hydrolysis under moderate temperature

Yeop,

Azmi,

Rahman

et al. 2024

Vietnam Journal of Chemistry

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Epoxidized oleic acid was considered a more sustainable alternative to traditional plasticizers such as phthalates, which have been linked to potential health and environmental hazards. This study aims to synthesize and characterize the formation of dihydroxystearic acid (DHSA) from the ring opening of epoxidized oleic acid. The optimal reaction parameters to produce DHSA were found using sulfuric acid as catalyst in which the maximum relative conversion was reached up to 86%. The detection of hydroxyl group was using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Then, a mathematical model was developed using MATLAB software, and as a result the kinetic model provided a good description of the reaction process, and it could be used to predict the behavior of the reaction under different conditions. Overall, the optimal reaction conditions and the maximum relative conversion of palm oleic acid to oxirane, are important contributions to the field of green chemistry.

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“…10 Several methods of reactions have been discovered to modify vegetable oils into alternative compounds, which are hydroxylation, carboxylation, oxidation, and halogenation. 11 However, these approaches have several drawbacks making the epoxidation method the best approach due to its high reactivity of the oxirane group. Heterogeneous catalysts are solid catalysts that can be used in the epoxidation of vegetable oils to increase the yield of epoxidized oils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, epoxidation in the presence of peracid at enhanced circumstances may achieve an 80% conversion rate for plant oils 10 . Several methods of reactions have been discovered to modify vegetable oils into alternative compounds, which are hydroxylation, carboxylation, oxidation, and halogenation 11 . However, these approaches have several drawbacks making the epoxidation method the best approach due to its high reactivity of the oxirane group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic epoxidation of palm oleic acid by heterogeneous catalysts: Optimization and kinetic model

Azmi,

Azlee,

Jalil

2023

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Epoxidized vegetable oils can produce a natural‐based polymer product as chemical reaction intermediates, plasticisers, and stabilizers in polyvinyl chloride. This study aims to identify the effects of using different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and the effect of different molar ratios of hydrogen peroxide on relative conversion to oxirane. Epoxidized palm oil was produced in situ using performic acid as epoxidation agents and titanium dioxide as a catalyst. The results indicated that a higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide at 50% concentration and the ratio of 2:1 of hydrogen peroxide to palm oil used in the in situ epoxidation of had provided a higher relative conversion to oxirane (50%) in reaction time (70 min). Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of an oxirane group at 1200 cm−1. Numerical kinetic modeling was developed with applied genetic algorithm optimization to find the process model that fit experimental data. Then, the kinetic rate, k parameters obtained k11 = 0.031 mol L−1 min−1, k12 = 3.159 mol L−1 min−1, k2 = 2.620 mol L−1 min−1 for epoxidation palm oil, and k3 = 1.19 × 10−5 mol L−1 min−1 in degradation process.

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Kinetika epoksidirane oleinske kiseline dobivene iz palmina ulja in situ proizvedenom permravljom kiselinom

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Eco‐friendly polyol through in situ hydroxylation from epoxidation of palm oleic acid via heterogeneous catalyst

Eco‐friendly polyol through in situ hydroxylation from epoxidation of palm oleic acid via heterogeneous catalyst

Recent advances of ring opening of epoxidation of palm oil derived from oleic acid via in situ hydrolysis under moderate temperature

Catalytic epoxidation of palm oleic acid by heterogeneous catalysts: Optimization and kinetic model

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