Kinetics study of Jatropha oil esterification with ethanol in the presence of tin (II) chloride catalyst for biodiesel production

Kusumaningtyas, Ratna Dewi; Ratrianti, Naomi; Purnamasari, Indah; Budiman, Arief

doi:10.1063/1.4968339

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It was utilized to find out the value of the rate constant, activation energy ( E a ), and frequency factor ( A ), expressed by the Arhhenius plot (eqs and ). To find out the value of the frequency factor and activation energy, a graph is plotted between ln k versus 1/ T as shown in Figure b,d,f. ,, It was found that the activation energies for the esterification of acetic acid with n -propanol, isopropanol, and n -butanol are 36.27, 33.51, and 34.69 kJ/mol, respectively, which was quite comparable to that reported in the literature. − For propionic acid, the activation energies were found to be 36.34, 35.33, and 35.93; for butyric acid, the values of the activation energy were found to be 35.59, 36.12, and 34.79 kJ/mol, respectively, and were comparable to those reported in the previous literature. ,− In spite of relatively similar results, the mole ratio of the respective acid to alcohol, catalyst loading, and temperature in our experiments were different than those described in the literature. The activation energy, frequency factor, and coefficient of regression for a series of a carboxylic acid with n -propanol, isopropanol, and n -butanol, respectively, are summarized (Table ) . The linear plot of −ln(1 – X A ) versus time for the esterification of formic, propionic, butyric, and pentanoic acid with n -propanol, isopropanol, and n -butanol are reported in the Supporting Information.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…To find out the value of the frequency factor and activation energy, a graph is plotted between ln k versus 1/T as shown in Figure 6b,d,f. 1,3,11 It was found that the activation energies for the esterification of acetic acid with n-propanol, isopropanol, and n-butanol are 36.27, 33.51, and 34.69 kJ/mol, respectively, which was quite comparable to that reported in the literature. 13−17 For propionic acid, the activation energies were found to be 36.34, 35.33, and 35.93; for butyric acid, the values of the activation energy were found to be 35.59, 36.12, and 34.79 kJ/mol, respectively, and were comparable to those reported in the previous literature.…”

Section: Apparent Activation Energysupporting

confidence: 81%

“…This is because an increase in the number of H + ions in the reaction mixture and hence more active free protons are available which is proportional to the used catalyst concentration . Thus, in the presence of more H + ions a higher number of carbonyl carbons of acids are activated, and nucleophilic attack by alcohols become more favorable resulting in the desired products Figures a–c and a–d reveal that the catalyst concentrations of 3% for formic and acetic acids, 5% for propionic acid, and 7% for butyric and pentanoic acids by weight of the acids resulted in a relatively higher conversion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Thus, in the presence of more H + ions a higher number of carbonyl carbons of acids are activated, and nucleophilic attack by alcohols become more favorable resulting in the desired products. 11 Figures 3a−c and 4a−d reveal that the catalyst concentrations of 3% for formic and acetic acids, 5% for propionic acid, and 7% for butyric and pentanoic acids by weight of the acids resulted in a relatively higher conversion. This occurs because the 3%−7% catalyst concentration by weight of acids are the maximum amount of catalyst required to activate the carbonyl carbon of various chain lengths of carboxylic acids.…”

Section: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Researchmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Kinetic Study of Homogeneous Catalyzed Esterification of a Series of Aliphatic Acids with Different Alcohols

Sahu

Pandit

2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The kinetic study of esterification of series of aliphatic carboxylic acids (C1–C5) with various alcohols (n-propanol, isopropanol, and n-butanol) have been conducted using sulfuric acid as a catalyst in batch experiments. Effects of variables such as reaction temperature, catalyst loading, and initial mole ratio of reactants were investigated in detail. Temperature dependence reaction rates and activation energies were determined by the Arrhenius plot. Impact and reactivity of the series of linear chain length of carboxylic acids on esterification reactions were investigated in terms of steric and polar effects of the α substituents on the carboxylic group.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Apparent Activation Energysupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Researchmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Kinetic Study of Homogeneous Catalyzed Esterification of a Series of Aliphatic Acids with Different Alcohols

Sahu

Pandit

2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…The catalyst facilitates an alternate reaction route to result in the desired products by lowering the activation energy barrier. Hence, as a result, higher conversion and higher reaction rates were obtained . To estimate the effect of the catalyst loading, experiments were conducted by changing the amount of catalyst from 3 to 11% by weight of MCLFAs while keeping the other parameters (temperature and mole ratio) constant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Synthesis of Homogeneous Catalyzed Esterification of Medium-Chain-Length Fatty Acids and Kinetic Study

Sahu

Pandit

2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In the recent past, esters of medium-chain fatty acids have received much attention due to their wide industrial application, medicinal importance, and biofuel use as alternative to petroleum diesel. Therefore, in the present work the repercussion of medium-chain-length fatty acids (MCLFAs) (C6−C10) with various alcohols for the homogeneous catalyzed esterification has been studied. The esterification of the MCLFAs with distinct alcohols (n-PrOH, i-PrOH, and n-BuOH) has been studied in detail in a batch reactor. The impacts of various factors such as the mole ratio of MCLFAs to distinct alcohol, catalyst concentration, and temperature have been studied. A kinetic model revealed that the esterification of MCLFAs with various alcohols can be explained well by a pseudohomogeneous firstorder reaction. The rate of the reaction, activation energy, and frequency factors were estimated using Arrhenius plots. The reactivity and influence of carbon chain length of MCLFAs and the effect of branching of alcohols were investigated to find out the maximum conversion of MCLFAs.

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Simulation of Esterification-Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil to Produce Biodiesel using Ultrasound Assisted Integrated Double Column Reactive Distillation

Kusumaningtyas

Budiono

Kusuma

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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There are some problems arising related to the utilization of fossil-based fuel due to the diminishing of oil reserves. Therefore, energy transition toward the development of new and renewable energy has been set in Indonesia. Biodiesel is a promising renewable energy resource which can be synthesized from vegetable oils as feedstock via transesterification reaction. Waste cooking oil (WCO) is among the economical and abundant raw materials for biodiesel production. It contains triglyceride and free fatty acid (FFA) of 78.16% and 21.84%, respectively. Biodiesel preparation is generally carried out using conventional batch or continuous mixed flow reactors. This configuration encounters challenge related to the high cost for setting up the separation process. To overwhelm this drawback, it is essential to develop reactor which integrates the reaction and separation process. In this work, a novel design of Ultrasound Assisted Integrated Double Column Reactive Distillation (UAIDCRD) was introduced and simulated for biodiesel preparation through a coupling esterification-transesterification reaction. The first column was applied the esterification of Simulation of UAIDCRD for biodiesel production was conducted using ASPEN Plus v10. Model thermodynamic selected for the simulation was UNIQUAC. Sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the effects of reflux ratio, bottom to feed ratio, and methanol to oil ratio on the reaction conversion. Reflux ratio was studied at the range of 0.5 - 200, bottom to feed ratio was evaluated at the range of 0.25 - 0.9, and methanol to oil ratio were 1:3 - 9:8. It was observed that 99.99% reaction conversion in the esterification column was achieved with the reflux ration, bottom to feed ratio, and methanol to oil ratio of 0.5, 0.5, and 4.1, respectively. On the other hand, 99.99% reaction conversion in the transesterification column was obtained with the reflux ration, bottom to feed ratio, and methanol to oil ratio of 0.5, 0.5, and 3:1. The alcohol needed for the esterification and transesterification reaction were much lower than those required for the reaction using conventional reactor.

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Kinetics study of Jatropha oil esterification with ethanol in the presence of tin (II) chloride catalyst for biodiesel production

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Kinetic Study of Homogeneous Catalyzed Esterification of a Series of Aliphatic Acids with Different Alcohols

Kinetic Study of Homogeneous Catalyzed Esterification of a Series of Aliphatic Acids with Different Alcohols

Facile Synthesis of Homogeneous Catalyzed Esterification of Medium-Chain-Length Fatty Acids and Kinetic Study

Simulation of Esterification-Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil to Produce Biodiesel using Ultrasound Assisted Integrated Double Column Reactive Distillation

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