Kinetics, Product Evolution, and Mechanism for the Pyrolysis of Typical Plastic Waste

Zhang, Yutao; Fu, Zegang; Wang, Wei; Ji, Guozhao; Zhao, Ming; Li, Aimin

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c04915

Cited by 100 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…These models and results indicate the pyrolysis of the PCL-g-MA structure so that the positions of MA grafted on a PCL main chain are more likely to undergo random scissions first due to the weak bonding from C-C structure to produce shorter monomers and generate free radicals of the polymer. After that, the PCL structure starts to degrade by random scissions via cis-elimination reactions and progresses with cyclic rupture via intramolecular transesterification at over 300 °C [ 74 , 81 ]. The pyrolysis results confirmed the same tendency as suggested by the TGA and DTA results in Figure 6 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability of Polycaprolactone Grafted Densely with Maleic Anhydride Analysed Using the Coats–Redfern Equation

Thangunpai

et al. 2022

Polymers

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The plastic waste problem has recently attracted unprecedented attention globally. To reduce the adverse eff ects on environments, biodegradable polymers have been studied to solve the problems. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is one of the common biodegradable plastics used on its own or blended with natural polymers because of its excellent properties after blending. However, PCL and natural polymers are difficult to blend due to the polymers’ properties. Grafted polymerization of maleic anhydride and dibenzoyl peroxide (DBPO) with PCL is one of the improvements used for blending immiscible polymers. In this study, we first focused on the effects of three factors (stirring time, maleic anhydride (MA) amount and benzoyl peroxide amount) on the grafting ratio with a maximum value of 4.16% when applying 3.000 g MA and 1.120 g DBPO to 3.375 g PCL with a stirring time of 18 h. After that, the grafting condition was studied based on the kinetic thermal decomposition and activation energy by the Coats–Redfern method. The optimal fitting model was confirmed by the determination coefficient of nearly 1 to explain the contracting volume mechanism of synthesized PCL-g-MA. Consequently, grafted MA hydrophilically augmented PCL as the reduced contact angle of water suggests, facilitating the creation of a plastic–biomaterial composite.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability of Polycaprolactone Grafted Densely with Maleic Anhydride Analysed Using the Coats–Redfern Equation

Thangunpai

et al. 2022

Polymers

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“…We therefore conclude that both plasma and the catalyst play an important role in the cracking of volatiles originating from the thermal decomposition zone. It is well accepted that thermal deconstruction of HDPE occurs by random chain scission involving initiation of radicals (carbocation formation), propagation with hydrogen transfer, and finally termination via recombination of free radicals to form various hydrocarbons. − The dissociation energy of the weakest C–C bond at the 4th and onward carbons is above 2.9 eV, which is lower than that of the terminal C–C bond, namely, above 3.4 eV . Therefore, the hydrocarbon chain is fragmented from an edge resulting in long hydrocarbons dominating in the thermal deconstruction, as also evidenced in Figure and Figure S9.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-thermal Plasma-Assisted Deconstruction of High-Density Polyethylene to Hydrogen and Light Hydrocarbons over Hollow ZSM-5 Microspheres

Nguyen

Carreon

2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Non-thermal catalytic plasma has unfolded novel routes for a circular economy, providing a powerful cost-effective alternative to produce valued-added fuels from plastic waste. In this work, non-thermal plasma-assisted deconstruction of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) over a ZSM-5 catalyst with different morphologies, i.e., microspheres and nanoparticles, is reported. Deconstruction of HDPE over thermal routes is presented to benchmark the plasma pathways. Experimental data revealed that the highest yield/selectivity toward hydrogen and light hydrocarbons such as methane, ethylene, acetylene, and ethane was obtained through the plasma route over the hollow ZSM-5 microspheres. The spherical morphology helps in securing better stability compared to that of the ZSM-5 nanoparticles. We observed the demarcation of two different regimes resulting from the products formed. In the plasma regime (low plasma power), the ethylene monomer is prevalent while hydrogen is dominant when employing high plasma power (endothermic zone). These findings provide a novel insight into the chemical upcycling of HDPE to value-added products to potentially help address the current global plastic contamination in an efficient and sustainable way.

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“…The type of zeolites drives the product selectivity, such as H-ZSM-5, which has a 3-dimensional pore with shape selectivity favored 18% naphthene and 77% aromatic products such as benzene, toluene, xylene [39]. [7] was found 2,4-Dimethyl-1-heptene as the highest component in the thermal pyrolysis of PP. They proposed the mechanism for thermal pyrolysis of PE and PP.…”

Section: Effect Of Catalyst Natural Zeolites On Products Composition ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigate the effect of catalysts on the oil impurities and pretreatment of the oil by adsorption technique using porous materials to eliminate the impurities also important to be performed. Gas product of PE and PP thermal pyrolysis components were reported mainly C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 8 , C 2 H 4, and C 3 H 6, with ole ns as the highest elements produced [7,10]. Ethylene and propylene could be utilized as raw materials for polyethylene and propylene.…”

Section: Potential and Challenges For Plastics Pyrolysis To Chemicals...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pyrolysis of Polyolefins into Chemicals Using Low-Cost Natural Zeolites

Irawan

Kurniawan²,

Nurkholifah³

et al. 2022

Waste Biomass Valor

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Massive production of disposable plastic that is not supported with proper plastic waste management has created an environmental problem. One solution that could be done to address this situation is by transforming plastics into chemicals through pyrolysis route. An experimental study of pyrolysis from polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) has been done by catalytic method and utilization of low-cost natural zeolite in a semi-batch reactor. A low-cost natural zeolite made from acid-treated zeolite with 1 M HCl solution denoted as HZ. The prepared HZ catalyst was then carried out under pyrolysis reaction at 350, 400, 450 o C for 60 minutes. The chemical products composition from this reaction was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). According to the analysis result, a low-temperature reaction of pyrolysis could produce wax in all variant types of feed. Utilization of HZ catalyst could reduce formation wax while also increasing the yield of oil products after the reaction. Catalytic pyrolysis using HZ for PE and PP plastic feed yields oil products up to 67% and 70%, respectively. The composition of oil products mainly consisted of para n, ole n, and alcohol compounds. The temperature optimum for the catalytic reaction could produce the highest para n and ole n products at 400°C. Additionally, utilization of low-cost natural zeolite could improve pyrolysis reaction's performance from PP to produce yield ole n products from 39-62%. Statement Of NoveltyPlastics waste is threatening the environment due to its di culty in degradation. Pyrolysis of plastic by using catalysts would improve the oil products. Natural zeolites are low-cost minerals and are abundantly available throughout the world. The novelty of this study is to investigate the local natural zeolites in Indonesia as a cost-effective catalyst for application in polyole ns pyrolysis. The oil yield and products selectivity improved signi cantly after using the natural zeolites. The oil composition identi ed would be potentially utilized as chemicals and fuels. Finally, the catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste using low-cost local catalysts will overcome the environmental problem and create the circular economy of plastic.

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Kinetics, Product Evolution, and Mechanism for the Pyrolysis of Typical Plastic Waste

Cited by 100 publications

References 71 publications

Thermal Stability of Polycaprolactone Grafted Densely with Maleic Anhydride Analysed Using the Coats–Redfern Equation

Thermal Stability of Polycaprolactone Grafted Densely with Maleic Anhydride Analysed Using the Coats–Redfern Equation

Non-thermal Plasma-Assisted Deconstruction of High-Density Polyethylene to Hydrogen and Light Hydrocarbons over Hollow ZSM-5 Microspheres

Pyrolysis of Polyolefins into Chemicals Using Low-Cost Natural Zeolites

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