Kinetics on formation of super water repellent surfaces from phase transformation in binary mixtures of trimyristin and tripalmitin

Nanopore and Nanoparticle Formation with Lipids Undergoing Polymorphic Phase Transitions

“…The contact angle for drops of pure water, placed on frozen C 14 TG substrate, was θ ≈ 109 ± 4° for C 14 TG crystallized in α-phase and θ ≈ 99 ± 7° for C 14 TG crystallized in β-phase, in agreement with the literature data, obtained by a similar method . Such high values, θ > 90°, reflect the hydrophobic nature of the lipid C 14 TG surface.…”

“…The contact angle for drops of pure water, placed on frozen C 14 TG substrate, was θ ≈ 109 ± 4°for C 14 TG crystallized in α-phase and θ ≈ 99 ± 7°for C 14 TG crystallized in β-phase, in agreement with the literature data, obtained by a similar method. 28 Such high values, θ > 90°, reflect the hydrophobic nature of the lipid C 14 TG surface. In the presence of surfactants, the difference between the contact angles, measured on αand β-phases of C 14 TG, is even bigger, while preserving the trend that the contact angle on the βphase is always smaller as compared to that on the respective α-phase (Figure 4a).…”

Role of Lipid Blooming and Crystallite Size in the Performance of Highly Soluble Drug-Loaded Microcapsules

“…It is well described in the literature that the blooming of TAGs creates super water‐repellent surfaces such as that of microcapsules AB (Fig. ) by increasing the surface area and creating air pockets.…”

“…After crystallization, TAGs exhibit monotropic polymorphism where polymorphic transformations occur irreversibly from the least stable with the lowest melting point, α‐form, to the most stable and highest melting point β‐form. This polymorphic stabilization is known to create flake‐like surface structures, the so‐called “fat blooming,” increasing the surface area and forming fractal super water‐repellent surfaces …”

Solvent-Free Melting Techniques for the Preparation of Lipid-Based Solid Oral Formulations

“…Interestingly, the impact of this alteration on drug release described in the literature points towards two different directions, both causing a change in drug release after storage and indicating formulation instability. On the one hand, the rough surface was described as super water-repellent with contact angles larger than 150°, meaning a significant reduction of wettability ( 180 , 181 ). Several studies have proven the formation of fractal structures on the surface of different lipid formulations with SEM images, which seems to be associated with an undesired retarded drug release after storage.…”