Kinetics of transesterification of Madhuca Indica oil over modified zeolites: biodiesel synthesis

Pratap, Saurabh; Shamshuddin, S. Z. Mohamed; Thimmaraju, N.; Shyamsundar, M.; Reena, S.

doi:10.3329/bjsir.v50i4.25836

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Zeolites have been widely used as a carrier in biodiesel production in the past decade [75][76][77][78]. Zeolites with specific pore structure and surface hydrophobicity can be modified depending on the substrate's polarity and size, and hence, molecules with diameters smaller than the proper catalyst size can enter the cavity and diffuse [38].…”

Section: Supported and Loaded Cao Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Biodiesel Production via Calcium Oxide Based Catalysts: Current State and Perspective

et al. 2021

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Biodiesel is a clean, renewable, liquid fuel that can be used in existing diesel engines without modification as pure or blend. Transesterification (the primary process for biodiesel generation) via heterogeneous catalysis using low-cost waste feedstocks for catalyst synthesis improves the economics of biodiesel production. Heterogeneous catalysts are preferred for the industrial generation of biodiesel due to their robustness and low costs due to the easy separation and relatively higher reusability. Calcium oxides found in abundance in nature, e.g., in seashells and eggshells, are promising candidates for the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts. However, process improvements are required to design productive calcium oxide-based catalysts at an industrial scale. The current work presents an overview of the biodiesel production advancements using calcium oxide-based catalysts (e.g., pure, supported, and mixed with metal oxides). The review discusses different factors involved in the synthesis of calcium oxide-based catalysts, and the effect of reaction parameters on the biodiesel yield of calcium oxide-based catalysis are studied. Further, the common reactor designs used for the heterogeneous catalysis using calcium oxide-based catalysts are explained. Moreover, the catalytic activity mechanism, challenges and prospects of the application of calcium oxide-based catalysts in biodiesel generation are discussed. The study of calcium oxide-based catalyst should continue to be evaluated for the potential of their application in the commercial sector as they remain the pivotal goal of these studies.

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Section: Supported and Loaded Cao Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Biodiesel Production via Calcium Oxide Based Catalysts: Current State and Perspective

et al. 2021

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“…Another group has (Pratap et al, 2015) reported the use of NaY and KOH/NaY zeolites catalyst in trans-esterification of Madhuca indica oil. These zeolites have attained a conversion efficiency of 98.9%.…”

Section: Zeolite Based Nanocatalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As these catalysts are recycled and reused several times, they can be easily activated by washing with methanol followed by calcination in a muffle furnace for a given period of time. Due to the presence of large basic sites, its catalytic activity has increased to a greater extent (Pratap et al, 2015). However, synthesizing nanocatalysts with zeolite plays an important role in achieving maximum conversion, recyclability, and reusability of the catalyst involved in trans-esterification reaction.…”

Section: Zeolite Based Nanocatalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Optimization of Nanocatalyst for Biodiesel Production: An Overview

et al. 2020

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Necessity and exploitation of fossil fuel products are implacable in serving the needs of humanity despite being a finite and limited resource. To meet the thrust of energy, biofuels derived from varieties of renewable resources are imperative in fulfilling the demand of renewable fuels on a large scale without creating environmental concerns. Biofuels are inevitably the result of the carbon fixation process which stores chemical energy, ultimately reducing the total amount of carbon dioxide. Different kinds of biofuels like bioethanol, biomethanol, biogas, and biodiesel are derived depending on varieties of feedstock materials. Among these, production of biodiesel augments the progression of clean and renewable fuel. In this review, we have discussed the production of biodiesel derived from various feedstock and using several processes like pyrolysis, direct blending, micro-emulsion, and trans-esterification, with critical discussion focussing on increasing biodiesel production using nanocatalysts. Biodiesel production mainly proceeds through homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis via trans-esterification method. The review further discusses the significance of nanocatalyst in heterogeneous catalysis based trans-esterification for large scale biodiesel production. With the advent of nanotechnology, designing and modification of nanocatalyst gives rise to attractive properties such as increased surface area, high thermal stability, and enhanced catalytic activity. The role of nanocatalysts have been extensively studied and investigated in regard to the increased biodiesel production. Along with the modification of nanocatalysts, we have briefly discussed the physico-chemical properties and the role of the optimization parameters as it plays a pivotal role in enhancing the biodiesel production commercially.

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“…This has a continuing impact on the costs of the biodiesel production process. Various types of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts have been widely studied such as NaOH/KOH [6], 4dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid [7], La2O3 [8], zeolite [9], [10], CaO [11], [12] and still much more. Fly ash has the potential as a catalyst for the manufacture of biodiesel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Transesterification of Used Cooking Oil to Biodiesel: Effect of Oil-Methanol Molar Ratio and Reaction Time

Ayu

Aulyana

Astuti

et al. 2019

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Used cooking oil has the potential as biodiesel so that it can reduce environmental pollution. Transesterification of triglycerides in used cooking oil with an alcohol to form methyl esters of fatty acids or biodiesel and glycerol. The type of catalyst is one of the determinants of the transesterification reaction and coal fly ash has the potential to be used as a catalyst in the production of biodiesel. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of the oil-methanol ratio and the time of the transesterification of used cooking oil to the yield of biodiesel produced using an alkali-activated fly ash catalyst. Transesterification is carried out at 60 °C, the stirring speed is 700 rpm, and the amount of catalyst load is 4%. The result, the highest yield of biodiesel reached almost 89%. This biodiesel consists of 48.86% methyl oleate and 33.86% methyl palmitate and has a density that meets the Indonesian National Standard, which is 0.85 - 0.90 g/cm3. Finally, the BET test on the fly ash catalyst shows a catalyst surface area of around 104.106 m2/g.

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Kinetics of transesterification of Madhuca Indica oil over modified zeolites: biodiesel synthesis

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

An Overview of Biodiesel Production via Calcium Oxide Based Catalysts: Current State and Perspective

An Overview of Biodiesel Production via Calcium Oxide Based Catalysts: Current State and Perspective

Fabrication and Optimization of Nanocatalyst for Biodiesel Production: An Overview

Catalytic Transesterification of Used Cooking Oil to Biodiesel: Effect of Oil-Methanol Molar Ratio and Reaction Time

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