Kinetics of transcription of infectious laryngotracheitis virus genes

Mahmoudian, Alireza; Markham, Philip F.; Noormohammadi, Amir H.; Browning, Glenn F.

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2011.11.001

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Rabbit monospecific polyclonal antisera against bacterial fusion proteins identified the protein product of the ORF C gene as a 37.4 kDa protein. Although the ORF C gene was classified as a late expression gene, partial inhibition of ORF C transcription in the absence of protein synthesis suggests that its transcription maybe subjected to more complex yet unknown control (Mahmoudian et al, 2012;Veits et al, 2003a). Immunocytological analysis indicated that the ORF C protein mainly localizes within the cytoplasm, but a small fraction localizes to the nucleus of infected cells (Veits et al, 2003a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation and protection efficacy of ORF C gene-deleted recombinant of infectious laryngotracheitis virus

Garcı́a

Spatz

Cheng

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation and protection efficacy of ORF C gene-deleted recombinant of infectious laryngotracheitis virus

Garcı́a

Spatz

Cheng

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

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“…For example, Baines et al 7treated HSV-1-infected cells with phosphate acetic acid to inhibit viral DNA replication and found that the UL21 gene of HSV-1 is an L gene. However, Mahmoudian et al (17) used RT-qPCR to…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the HSV-1, DEV, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), gazelle herpesvirus 2 (GHV-2), GHV-3, PRV, equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) and varicellazoster virus (VZV) pUL21 proteins exhibit high similarity in the region comprising amino acids 73-92 (13). The UL21 gene has been considered to be both a late (L) gene and an early (E)/L gene because it possesses the features of both, and its functions are related to virus particle replications, virulence, transmission and immunization (14)(15)(16)(17). Moreover, pUL21 contains numerous sites for modifications, such as N-glycosylation and phosphorylation (18), suggesting that the protein undergoes posttranslational modification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duck enteritis virus UL21 is a late gene and encodes a protein that interacts with pUL16

Yang

Wang

Zeng

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background pUL21 is a conserved protein of Alphaherpesvirinae that performs multiple important functions. The C-terminus of pUL21 in other members of this subfamily has RNA-binding ability; this domain contributes to pseudorabies virus (PRV) retrograde axonal transport in vitro and in vivo and participates in newly replicated viral DNA packaging and intracellular virus transport. However, knowledge regarding duck enteritis virus (DEV) pUL21 is limited. Methods In our study, recombinant pUL21 was expressed using an pET-32c (+) vector in Escherichia coli BL21 cells induced with 0.4 mM isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside for 8 h at 30°C. The antibody used for the indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) and western blotting (WB) analysis were prepared. Pharmacological inhibition, WB and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) were performed. A coimmunoprecipitation (CO-IP) assay was conducted to test the interaction between pUL21 and pUL16. Results We verified that DEV UL21 is a γ2 gene that encodes a structural protein. Moreover, we observed that pUL21 localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm. DEV pUL21 interacted with pUL16 and formed a complex in transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells and DEV-infected duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs). These results were further confirmed by CO-IP assays. Conclusions The DEV UL21 gene is a late gene, and pUL21 localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm. DEV UL21 is a virion component. In addition, pUL21 can interact with pUL16. These ﬁndings provide insight into the characteristics of UL21 and the interaction between pUL21 and its binding partner pUL16. Our study enhances the understanding of DEV pUL21. Keywords: Duck enteritis virus, UL21, UL16, late gene, interaction

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“…In herpes simplex virus 1 and pseudorabies virus (PRV), superinfection exclusion occurs by 2 hours after infection and does not coincide with the expression of gD in infected cells. The timing of gD translation in ILTV has not been studied, but transcripts are detected as early as 1 hpi and it has been classified as an early/late gene [40]. The coding sequence of gD in Serva differs from that of A20 by seven SNPs.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic recombination between infectious laryngotracheitis vaccine strains occurs under a broad range of infection conditions in vitro and in ovo

et al. 2020

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Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 causes infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) in farmed poultry worldwide. Intertypic recombination between vaccine strains of this virus has generated novel and virulent isolates in field conditions. In this study, in vitro and in ovo systems were coinfected and superinfected under different conditions with two genomically distinct and commonly used ILTV vaccines. The progeny virus populations were examined for the frequency and pattern of recombination events using multi-locus high-resolution melting curve analysis of polymerase chain reaction products. A varied level of recombination (0 to 58.9%) was detected, depending on the infection system (in ovo or in vitro), viral load, the composition of the inoculum mixture, and the timing and order of infection. Full genome analysis of selected recombinants with different in vitro phenotypes identified alterations in coding and non-coding regions. The ability of ILTV vaccines to maintain their capacity to recombine under such varied conditions highlights the significance of recombination in the evolution of this virus and demonstrates the capacity of ILTV vaccines to play a role in the emergence of recombinant viruses.

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Kinetics of transcription of infectious laryngotracheitis virus genes

Cited by 24 publications

References 38 publications

Attenuation and protection efficacy of ORF C gene-deleted recombinant of infectious laryngotracheitis virus

Attenuation and protection efficacy of ORF C gene-deleted recombinant of infectious laryngotracheitis virus

Duck enteritis virus UL21 is a late gene and encodes a protein that interacts with pUL16

Genomic recombination between infectious laryngotracheitis vaccine strains occurs under a broad range of infection conditions in vitro and in ovo

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