Kinetics of thermal decomposition of expandable polystyrene in different gaseous environments

Kannan, Pravin; Biernacki, Joseph J.; Visco, Donald P.; Lambert, W. Scott

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2009.01.003

Cited by 51 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Accordingly, the polymer has become thermally more stable after sulfonation. This trend is also supported by the values of activation energies evaluated using Kissinger's equation (see Figure S7). In its most popular form Kissinger's equation is expressed as

l n (\frac{β}{T_{m a x}^{2}}) = - \frac{E_{a}}{T_{m a x}} + l n (\frac{A R}{E_{a}})

…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Boosting the thermal stability of emulsion-templated polymers via sulfonation: an efficient synthetic route to hierarchically porous carbon foams

et al. 2016

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Hierarchically porous carbon foams with specific surface areas exceeding 600 m 2 g À1 can be derived from polystyrene foams that are synthesized via water-in-oil emulsion templating. However, most styrene-based polymers lack strong crosslinks and are degraded to volatile products when heated above 400 o C. A common strategy employed to avert depolymerization is to introduce potential crosslinking sites such as sulfonic acids by sulfonating the polymers. This article unravels the thermal and chemical processes leading up to the conversion of sulfonated high internal phase emulsion polystyrenes (polyHIPEs) to sulfur containing carbon foams. During pyrolysis, the sulfonic acid groups (-SO 3 H) are transformed to sulfone (-C-SO 2 -C-) and then to thioether (-CÀS-C-) crosslinks. These chemical transformations have been monitored using spectroscopic techniques: in situ IR, Raman, X-ray photoelectron and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. Based on thermal analyses, the formation of thioether links is associated with increased thermal stability and thus a substantial decrease in volatilization of the polymers.

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l n (\frac{β}{T_{m a x}^{2}}) = - \frac{E_{a}}{T_{m a x}} + l n (\frac{A R}{E_{a}})

…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Boosting the thermal stability of emulsion-templated polymers via sulfonation: an efficient synthetic route to hierarchically porous carbon foams

et al. 2016

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“…We also noted that at conversion degrees higher than 0.7 and at temperatures exceeding 380°C the apparent activation energy values are higher in inert atmosphere than in the air. This finding is in agreement with the results of other researchers, considering that the degradation of the basic polymer containing polystyrene–divinylbenzene occurs at temperatures higher than 380°C (according to the TG‐MS‐FTIR study described hereunder).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Therefore, at temperatures higher than 300°C, the thermal decomposition processes affecting the 1 and 2 samples are separated differently in helium compared to air. P. Kannan pointed out that the working environment influence the thermal degradation mechanism of polystyrene. Thermogravimetric characteristics of the sorbent samples are shown in the Table at heating rate 10°C/min.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorption and thermal properties of strongly basic cross‐linked ionic polymer modified with Cr(III) compounds

Gutsanu

Lisă

Vizir

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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AV-17(Cr) material was prepared by modifying a commercial polymer AV-17 (initially bearing R4N 1 functional groups) with Cr(III) compounds was investigated. Comparative isotherms characterizing the CrO 22 4 and Cr 2 O 22 7 ion sorption from solution with pH values of 3 and 8, respectively, at 19 C and 60 C, were obtained using the raw AV-17(Cl) and the modified AV-17(Cr) material. The sorption process on AV-17(Cr) takes place through the coordination of Cr(VI) ions with Cr(III) ions, while on AV-17(Cl) it is due to an ion exchange mechanism. The sorption isotherms obtained in pH 8 solutions fit perfectly the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic functions DG, DH, and DS characteristic to the adsorption of CrO 22 4 ions from K 2 CrO 4 solutions with pH 5 8 were calculated. The active sites belonging to the AV-17(Cr) material were identified as jarosite type compounds of Cr(III). SEM images show that the Cr(III) compounds are present in the form of ultrafine particles located on the surface and within the bulk phase of the polymer granules. Comparative thermal degradation process of both the AV-17(Cr) and the AV-17(Cl) material was conducted in air and in an inert atmosphere (He). The thermal degradation mechanism of sorbent AV-17(Cr) and exchanger AV-17(Cl) is proposed.

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“…Kannan et al discussed the kinetics of thermal decomposition of EPS in different gaseous environments, which is summarised in Figure . During thermal decomposition test, the oxygen concentration differed between 0% and 50%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical prediction of mass loss rate of expanded polystyrene (EPS) used for external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) in cone calorimeter

et al. 2017

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Summary External thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) consisting of insulation core and decorative surface materials are quite common in new construction and refurbishment buildings. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) ETICS are widely used. EPS ETICS consist of 3 distinct layers of varying composition and physical structure. The mass loss rate (MLR) and heat release rate play an important role in the evaluation of material reaction‐to‐fire performance. In the study described in this paper, 2 different numerical simulation tools, Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS 6.5) and ThermaKin2D, were investigated with respect to their capability to predict the MLR of EPS ETICS products exposed to different fire conditions. The materials were characterised in order to provide suitable input parameters for the models. With accurate input parameters, the mean error between the predicted curve and the experimental MLR curve was calculated as approximately 16% for heat fluxes 30 and 50 kW/m2. The discrepancies between predicted and measured results are ascribed to the flame flux, which is not well modelled. It is found that the flame flux accounts for 15% of external heat flux in FDS 6.5 and for 18.0% of external heat flux in ThermaKin2D.

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Kinetics of thermal decomposition of expandable polystyrene in different gaseous environments

Cited by 51 publications

References 12 publications

Boosting the thermal stability of emulsion-templated polymers via sulfonation: an efficient synthetic route to hierarchically porous carbon foams

Boosting the thermal stability of emulsion-templated polymers via sulfonation: an efficient synthetic route to hierarchically porous carbon foams

Sorption and thermal properties of strongly basic cross‐linked ionic polymer modified with Cr(III) compounds

Numerical prediction of mass loss rate of expanded polystyrene (EPS) used for external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) in cone calorimeter

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