Kinetics of the regeneration of a cracking catalyst derived from TPO measurements

Kanervo, Jaana; Krause, A.O.I.; Aittamaa, Juhani; Hagelberg, P.; Lipiäinen, K.; Eilos, I.; Hiltunen, J.; Niemi, V.

doi:10.1016/s0009-2509(00)00343-2

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Conversion curves of toluene and oxygen shifted towards lower temperatures and so did the maxima of product curves as a function of O 2 -toluene feed ratio, meaning that overall toluene oxidation as well as consecutive reactions were accelerated with increasing feed ratio. It is well-known that in temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) experiments, an increase in the amount of the reductant (such as H 2 ) shifts the rate maximum to lower temperature [16] and analogously in TPO experiments with an increasing O 2 amount [17]. For TPSR experiments, as implemented here, the maxima originate from the consecutive oxidation reactions with adsorbed surface species activating above 400 °C.…”

Section: Effect Of Oxygen Amountmentioning

confidence: 80%

Toluene oxidation over ZrO2-based gasification gas clean-up catalysts: Part A. Effect of oxygen and temperature on the product distribution

Viinikainen

Kouva

Lehtonen

et al. 2016

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Effect Of Oxygen Amountmentioning

confidence: 80%

Toluene oxidation over ZrO2-based gasification gas clean-up catalysts: Part A. Effect of oxygen and temperature on the product distribution

Viinikainen

Kouva

Lehtonen

et al. 2016

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…6 ), and CO tends to be converted into CO 2 with increased peak area ratio of CO 2 to CO ( Table S8 ). As reported previously, coke reaction contains two oxidative steps: 1) oxidation of C into CO, 2) CO oxidation into CO 2 26 37 . In an oxygen rich environment the rate determining step for complete combustion is associated with the initial oxidation of carbon to CO followed by a relatively fast second oxidation 37 38 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…As reported previously, coke reaction contains two oxidative steps: 1) oxidation of C into CO, 2) CO oxidation into CO 2 26 37 . In an oxygen rich environment the rate determining step for complete combustion is associated with the initial oxidation of carbon to CO followed by a relatively fast second oxidation 37 38 . In an oxygen lean atmosphere CO oxidation is less favourable and becomes the rate determining step for CO 2 formation 37 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Nitrogen Chemistry and Coke Transformation of FCC Coked Catalyst during the Regeneration Process

Shi

Guan

Guo

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Regeneration of the coked catalyst is an important process of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) in petroleum refining, however, this process will emit environmentally harmful gases such as nitrogen and carbon oxides. Transformation of N and C containing compounds in industrial FCC coke under thermal decomposition was investigated via TPD and TPO to examine the evolved gaseous species and TGA, NMR and XPS to analyse the residual coke fraction. Two distinct regions of gas evolution are observed during TPD for the first time, and they arise from decomposition of aliphatic carbons and aromatic carbons. Three types of N species, pyrrolic N, pyridinic N and quaternary N are identified in the FCC coke, the former one is unstable and tends to be decomposed into pyridinic and quaternary N. Mechanisms of NO, CO and CO2 evolution during TPD are proposed and lattice oxygen is suggested to be an important oxygen resource. Regeneration process indicates that coke-C tends to preferentially oxidise compared with coke-N. Hence, new technology for promoting nitrogen-containing compounds conversion will benefit the in-situ reduction of NO by CO during FCC regeneration.

show abstract

“…The global reaction mechanisms, kinetics and heat generation are listed in Table 4. [47][48][49] The kinetic parameters for reaction1 (R1) and reaction 2 (R2) are obtained from the experimental work done by Kanervo et al [47], in which reaction rates of combustion of coke on FCC solid catalyst particles to produce CO and CO 2 in a reactor were measured. The kinetic parameters from the experimental work of hydrogen combustion in carbonaceous deposits on zeolite-type cracking catalysts reported by Wang et al [48] was used for the hydrogen combustion.…”

Section: Reaction Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation and optimization of an industrial fluid catalytic cracking regenerator

Tang

Silaen

et al. 2017

Applied Thermal Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the most important conversion processes in petroleum refineries. FCC regenerator is a key part of an FCC unit to recover the solid catalyst reactivity by burning off the deposited coke on the catalyst. In this paper, a three-dimensional multi-phase, multi-species reacting flow computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was established to simulate the flow and the reactions inside an FCC regenerator. The Euler-Euler approach, where the two phases (gas and solid) are considered to be continuous and fully interpenetrating, is employed. A modified drag force model was applied on the CFD model with appropriate influential cluster diameters of particle grouping phenomenon. The developed CFD model was validated by using plant data. With the validated CFD model, the flow characteristics and the inner-phase and inter-phase reactions were studied. The results showed that the effect of oxygen enrichment on the catalysts recovery efficiency was limited when the oxygen enrichment exceeded 5%.

show abstract

Kinetics of the regeneration of a cracking catalyst derived from TPO measurements

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

Toluene oxidation over ZrO2-based gasification gas clean-up catalysts: Part A. Effect of oxygen and temperature on the product distribution

Toluene oxidation over ZrO2-based gasification gas clean-up catalysts: Part A. Effect of oxygen and temperature on the product distribution

Nitrogen Chemistry and Coke Transformation of FCC Coked Catalyst during the Regeneration Process

Numerical simulation and optimization of an industrial fluid catalytic cracking regenerator

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About