Kinetics of the free-radical emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride

Capek, Ignác

doi:10.1007/3-540-58704-7_3

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…In emulsion polymerization, VCM is dispersed in water with the help of a surfactant and polymerized to form PVC particles. The resulting emulsion is stabilized with the help of a protective colloid, and the PVC particles are then coagulated and washed to remove any unreacted monomer and impurities [9]. In bulk polymerization, VCM is polymerized directly without any solvent or dispersing agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bibliometric and Co-Occurrence Study of Process System Engineering (PSE) Applied to the Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Production

González-Delgado,

Ramos-Olmos,

Pájaro-Gómez

2023

Materials

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PVC is widely used in packaging, electrical insulation, and medical devices due to its versatility owing to its resistance, incombustible and barrier properties as well as affordable cost. In the present study, bibliometric and co-occurrence analyses are proposed to identify trends, gaps, future directions, and challenges regarding process system engineering (PSE) applied to the production process of PVC using VOSviewer as a tool for analyzing the data obtained from SCOPUS. A mapping of different topics alluding to simulation of PVC production was provided to gain a better insight into the development of the topic and its progression. The findings indicate that the literature on this topic falls into five different clusters: modeling and simulation of PVC production, process control and optimization, and optimization strategies of the process. From a co-occurrence study we identified that mathematics and statistics applied to polymer chemistry, separation phenomena, and polymer production are the main areas of interest for further research. The trends suggest that Monte Carlo and numerical simulation can contribute to a deeper understanding of PVC’s properties and behavior. In addition, the focus on plastics and microplastics reflects concerns about the environmental impact. A bibliometric study evidenced that PSE provides the tools for improvement in PVC production processes by employing advanced process engineering techniques. Modelling and new algorithms for simulation methods of continuous polymerization processes are important to enhance accuracy and efficiency across various applications. The study also proposes a research agenda for future researchers working in the field of the use of PSE applied to the PVC production process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bibliometric and Co-Occurrence Study of Process System Engineering (PSE) Applied to the Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Production

González-Delgado,

Ramos-Olmos,

Pájaro-Gómez

2023

Materials

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“…The mathematical modeling of batch VC emulsion polymerization reactors has been addressed in several publications. − However, no paper addresses the effect of oxygen on the reaction kinetics, particle nucleation, and particle stability. In the present study, a comprehensive mathematical model is proposed to quantify the effect of the oxygen concentration on the kinetics and PSD developments in a VC emulsion polymerization batch reactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Oxygen on the Kinetics and Particle Size Distribution in Vinyl Chloride Emulsion Polymerization

Kiparissides

Achilias

Frantzikinakis

2002

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A comprehensive mathematical model is developed to quantify the effect of the oxygen concentration on the polymerization rate and particle size distribution in an unseeded vinyl chloride batch emulsion polymerization reactor. Particle formation is assumed to proceed by both the homogeneous and micellar nucleation mechanisms. Dynamic species mass balances are derived to follow the evolution of the polymerization rate and particle size distribution (PSD) in the batch reactor. It is shown that, at low initial oxygen concentrations, the polymerization rate increases with the oxygen concentration. On the other hand, the average latex particle size exhibits a U-shaped behavior with respect to the initial oxygen concentration. The experimental observations on the polymerization rate and the average particle size are explained by the combined role of oxygen as an inhibitor and a radical generator through the formation and subsequent decomposition of vinyl polyperoxides. The predictive capabilities of the present model are demonstrated through the successful simulation of experimental data on monomer conversion and PSD obtained from an industrial pilot-plant batch PVC reactor operated with various initial oxygen and initiator concentrations.

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High‐Solid‐Content Emulsions of PVC: Scale‐Down of an Industrial Process for Enhanced Understanding of Particle Formation Part 1: Introduction and Scale‐Down

McKenna

Pascal²,

Lys

2013

Chem Eng & Technol

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A scale‐down study of an industrial reactor for the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) via an emulsion polymerization process was carried out in order to understand the source of batch‐to‐batch variations in product quality. In Part 1, an analysis of the plant is presented and the industrial recipe scaled down to a pilot‐scale reactor. In the following Parts 2 and 3 a systematic analysis of the main process parameters revealed that particle generation and stabilization actually occurred in a manner slightly different from what was thought at the production site.

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Kinetics of the free-radical emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride

Cited by 4 publications

References 121 publications

Bibliometric and Co-Occurrence Study of Process System Engineering (PSE) Applied to the Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Production

Bibliometric and Co-Occurrence Study of Process System Engineering (PSE) Applied to the Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Production

The Effect of Oxygen on the Kinetics and Particle Size Distribution in Vinyl Chloride Emulsion Polymerization

High‐Solid‐Content Emulsions of PVC: Scale‐Down of an Industrial Process for Enhanced Understanding of Particle Formation Part 1: Introduction and Scale‐Down

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