Kinetics of the avian influenza-specific humoral responses in lung are indicative of local antibody production

Geus, Eveline D. de; Rebel, Johanna M.J.; Vervelde, Lonneke

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2011.05.005

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This could indicate that, after the uptake of Ag, APCs migrate mainly locally toward the BALT area and not systemically toward the spleen. This suggests local induction of RT immune responses as was suggested already in a previous study addressing RT humoral immune responses (44). Alternatively, we cannot exclude the possibility that inoculation with an even higher number of beads might allow consistent detection of beads in spleen and blood.…”

Section: Figure 8 Lps-beadmentioning

confidence: 78%

Uptake of Particulate Antigens in a Nonmammalian Lung: Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Avian Respiratory Phagocytes Using Bacterial or Viral Antigens

Geus

Jansen

Vervelde

2012

The Journal of Immunology

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Major distinctive features of avian lungs are the absence of draining lymph nodes and alveoli and alveolar macrophages (MPhs). However, a large network of MPhs and dendritic cells (DCs) is present in the mucosa of the larger airways and in the linings of the parabronchi. For the modulation of respiratory tract immune responses, for example, by vaccination, a better understanding of Ag uptake in the chicken respiratory tract is needed. In this study, we provide detailed characterization of APCs in chicken lungs, including their functional in vivo activities as measured by the uptake of fluorescently labeled 1-μm beads that are coated with either LPS or inactivated avian influenza A virus (IAV) mimicking the uptake of bacterial or viral Ag. We identified different subsets of MPhs and DCs in chicken lungs, based on the expression of CD11, activation markers, and DEC205. In vivo uptake of LPS- and IAV-beads resulted in an increased percentage MHC class II+ (MHC II+) cells and in the upregulation of CD40. The uptake of LPS-beads resulted in the upregulation of CD80 and MHC II on the cell surface, suggesting either uptake of LPS- and IAV-beads by different subsets of phagocytic cells or LPS-mediated differential activation. Differences in phagosomal acidification indicated that in chicken lungs the MHC II+ and CD80+ bead+ cell population includes DCs and that a large proportion of beads was taken up by MPhs. LPS-bead+ cells were present in BALT, suggesting local induction of immune responses. Collectively, we characterized the uptake of Ags by phagocytes in the respiratory tract of chickens.

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Section: Figure 8 Lps-beadmentioning

confidence: 78%

Uptake of Particulate Antigens in a Nonmammalian Lung: Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Avian Respiratory Phagocytes Using Bacterial or Viral Antigens

Geus

Jansen

Vervelde

2012

The Journal of Immunology

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“…This difference can possibly be explained as a greater level of activation of the smaller population of plasma cells when the immune system is under greater strain. But it is also possible that the magnitude of the antigenic response is more directly related to populations of plasma cells disseminated to other tissues – as has been demonstrated in some studies [39] – such as bone marrow or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Future studies into the antigenic response toward immunizations in chickens would do well to focus not only on the magnitude of the response, but also its localization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exploring the antigenic response to multiplexed immunizations in a chicken model of antibody production

Kousted

Kalliokoski

Christensen

et al. 2017

Heliyon

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Hens have a tremendous capacity for producing polyclonal antibodies that can subsequently be isolated in high concentrations from their eggs. An approach for further maximizing their potential is to produce multiple antisera in the same individual through multiplexed (multiple simultaneous) immunizations. An unknown with this approach is how many immunogens a single bird is capable of mounting a sizeable antigenic response toward. At what point does it become counter-productive to add more immunogens to the same immunization regimen?In the present study we were able to demonstrate that the competing effects of co-administering multiple immunogens effectively limit the antibody specificities that can be raised in a single individual to a fairly low number. Two potent model immunogens, KLH and CRM197, were administered together with competing antigens in various concentrations and complexities. With an upper limit of 1 mg protein material recommended for chicken immunizations, we found that the maximum number of immunogens that can be reliably used is most likely in the low double digits.The limiting factor for a response to an immunogen could not be related to the number of splenic plasma cells producing antibodies against it. When administering KLH alone, up to 70% of the IgY-producing splenic plasma cells were occupied with producing anti-KLH antibodies; but when simultaneously being exposed to a plethora of other antigens, a response of a comparable magnitude could be mounted with a splenic plasma cell involvement of less than 5%.Two breeds of egg-layers were compared with respect to antibody production in an initial experiment, but differences in antibody productivity were negligible.Although our findings support the use of multiplexed immunizations in the hen, we find that the number of immunogens cannot be stretched much higher than the handful that has been used in mammalian models to date.

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“…Responses in the lung preceded responses in the spleen, indicating that respiratory immune responses were not only induced in the spleen but also locally in the lung. The AIVspecific ASC responses in lung significantly correlated to responses in bone marrow (BM), suggesting also a role for BM in respiratory immunity (de Geus, Rebel, et al 2012).…”

Section: Induction Of Influenza-specific Immunitymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Also in chickens, the BM could be a survival niche for long-living ASC. However, when chickens were infected with LP H7N1 AIV, serum responses and also AIV-specific ASC numbers in all organs, including BM, declined very rapidly and could not be detected at 3 weeks post primary and 6 weeks post secondary infection (de Geus, Rebel, et al 2012). This might suggest that H7N1 infection generates short-lived ASC.…”

Section: Induction Of Influenza-specific Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of respiratory immune responses in the chicken; implications for development of mucosal avian influenza virus vaccines

Geus

Rebel

Vervelde

2012

Veterinary Quarterly

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The risk and the size of an outbreak of avian influenza virus (AIV) could be restricted by vaccination of poultry. A vaccine used for rapid intervention during an AIV outbreak should be safe, highly effective after a single administration and suitable for mass application. In the case of AIV, aerosol vaccination using live virus is not desirable because of its zoonotic potential and because of the risk for virus reassortment. The rational design of novel mucosal-inactivated vaccines against AIV requires a comprehensive knowledge of the structure and function of the lung-associated immune system in birds in order to target vaccines appropriately and to design efficient mucosal adjuvants. This review addresses our current understanding of the induction of respiratory immune responses in the chicken. Furthermore, possible mucosal vaccination strategies for AIV are highlighted.

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Kinetics of the avian influenza-specific humoral responses in lung are indicative of local antibody production

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

Uptake of Particulate Antigens in a Nonmammalian Lung: Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Avian Respiratory Phagocytes Using Bacterial or Viral Antigens

Uptake of Particulate Antigens in a Nonmammalian Lung: Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Avian Respiratory Phagocytes Using Bacterial or Viral Antigens

Exploring the antigenic response to multiplexed immunizations in a chicken model of antibody production

Induction of respiratory immune responses in the chicken; implications for development of mucosal avian influenza virus vaccines

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