Kinetics of strain-induced crystallization in natural rubber: A diffusion-controlled rate law

Brüning, Karsten; Schneider, Konrad; Roth, Stephan V.; Heinrich, Gert

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2015.07.011

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For the sake of simplicity, the engineering stress-strain curve of BSK iPP sample is divided into four distinct regions, designated as I, II, III and IV, corresponding to the initial linear elastic, yielding, necking (post-yielding), and very early stage of strain hardening region, respectively. It is seen that Normal iPP sample falls into a typical stress-strain curve of semicrystalline polymers [42,45,46], while BSK iPP sample is totally different, exhibiting a less declined stress in the necking region. Due to the presence of BSK structure, the BSK iPP samples exhibit a higher drawing stress than Normal iPP samples throughout the entire deformation process.…”

Section: Engineering Stress-strain Behavior Of Bsk Ippmentioning

confidence: 95%

Insight into unique deformation behavior of oriented isotactic polypropylene with branched shish-kebabs

Chen

Fang

Hsiao

et al. 2015

Polymer

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Section: Engineering Stress-strain Behavior Of Bsk Ippmentioning

confidence: 95%

Insight into unique deformation behavior of oriented isotactic polypropylene with branched shish-kebabs

Chen

Fang

Hsiao

et al. 2015

Polymer

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“…With the incorporation of rGO–APMEL in NR system, the upturn appears at a lower extension ratio as suggested by the cyan line, probably because of the improved strain induced crystallization capability by rGO–APMEL. The parameters G c and G e can be obtained from y axis interception and the slope of the linear part of intermediate deformation, as shown in the Mooney–Rivlin curves [Figure (d)] . G e can be calculated by eq.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous reduction and surface functionalization of graphene oxide and the application for rubber composites

Wang

Zhang

Hao

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The simultaneous reduction and functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) was realized through a chemical grafting reaction with a functionalization agent N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)methylamine (APMEL). The reduced and functionalized reduced GO (rGO-APMEL) sheets can be well dispersed in water without any added surfactant and the formed stable rGO aqueous dispersion can be kept for a long time, which can be used for the preparation of rubber-graphene (GE) composites by latex mixing. The electrostatic interaction between rGO-APMEL (positively charged) and natural rubber latex particles (negatively charged) leads to the formation of NR/rGO-APMEL composites with strong interaction. Compared with blank NR, the tensile strength and modulus for NR/rGO-APMEL increase with the rGO-APMEL loading. Especially, when the filler content is 5 phr, the tensile strength of NR/rGO-APMEL-5 increases by 32.7%, as a control the tensile strength of NR/GO-5 and NR/rGO-5 decrease by 20.1 and 15.6%, respectively. The entanglement-bound rubber tube model was used to analyze the reinforcing effect of GE on NR/rGO-APMEL nanocomposites at a molecular level. This study may provide us a novel approach to prepare well dispersed and exfoliated rGO-polymer nanocomposites.

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“…A crucial point of this approach is determination of fraction of subnetworks oriented in different directions at a continuum material point. Latest spectacular developments in experimental techniques using mechanochemistry, wide angle X-ray diffraction and calorimetric signals allow direct access to such microstructural information (Ducrot, Chen, Bulters, Sijbesma, & Creton 2014, Brüning, Schneider, Roth, & Heinrich 2015, Le Cam 2018.…”

Section: Statistical Mechanics Of a Polymer Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-micromechanics of strain-induced crystallization

Khiêm¹,

Cam²,

Balandraud³

et al. 2019

Constitutive Models for Rubber XI

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Strain-induced crystallization in natural rubber has long been modeled as an isothermal process. Recent calorimetric measurements (Samaca Martinez et al. 2013a,b) and a theoretical result (Khiˆem and Itskov 2018) revealed severe limitations of this approach. First, it was not able to describe the Gough-Joule effect as well as the rate of crystallization (melting) in natural rubber. Second, the stress-strain hysteresis of natural rubber was improperly attributed to the mechanical dissipation. In this contribution, we present a fully coupled thermo-micromechanical theory of strain-induced crystallization in natural rubber. Accordingly, deformation is accompanied by heat production/absorption. It potentially induces an evolution of the heat source which alters the temperature of the sample. In contrast to previous works on thermo-mechanics of rubber-like materials, the internal energy and the entropy are formulated in our model explicitly in terms of state variables. The crystallinity is not considered as an internal variable, and its evolution is elucidated by crystal nucleation in loading and crystal growth in unloading. The crystallization kinetics (Khiˆem and Itskov 2018) is further extended beyond uniaxial deformation, which offers microscopic boundary conditions for the representative chain on the one hand, and provides a formulation for the crystallinity on the other hand. Model predictions are compared with comprehensive experimental results and shed new light on straininduced crystallization of natural rubber.

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Kinetics of strain-induced crystallization in natural rubber: A diffusion-controlled rate law

Cited by 43 publications

References 42 publications

Insight into unique deformation behavior of oriented isotactic polypropylene with branched shish-kebabs

Insight into unique deformation behavior of oriented isotactic polypropylene with branched shish-kebabs

Simultaneous reduction and surface functionalization of graphene oxide and the application for rubber composites

Thermo-micromechanics of strain-induced crystallization

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