Kinetics of Rifampicin Antibiotic Degradation Using Green Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Abstract

Presence of antibiotics in water is persistent, bio accumulative and harmful to humans and aquatic habitats hence the need to find ways of their removal. This study investigated the catalytic degradation of rifampicin using iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous extracts of Galinsoga parviflora, Conyza bonariensis and Bidens pilosa. The effect of temperature, pH, time, and adsorbent dose on the rate of degradation were evaluated by carrying out the reaction in different reaction conditions. From the results obtained in this study, the percent degradation was found to be dependent on the pH, temperature, and the amount of the nanoparticles used during the study. Higher degradation efficiencies were obtained when the degradation was studied in acidic media as compared to basic and neutral media and when the temperature and the amount of the nanoparticles used were 60 ℃ and 20 mg, respectively. The degradation of rifampicin using iron oxide nanoparticles was found to be pseudo second order, endothermic and dependent on the reactants used during the study and variation of reaction conditions led to an increase in the percent degradation observed. In conclusion, iron nanoparticles synthesized using Galinnsoga parviflora, Conyza bonariensis and Bidens pilosa could be used catalytically in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to degrade rifampicin in aqueous media.

Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and its efficiency in degradation of rifampicin antibiotic

“…As reported in previous studies, increases in temperature improve the kinetics of degradation because of an increase in Brownian motion 75 , 84 . It was also observed through the change in absorbance of rifampicin, which was reduced upon increasing the temperature after 24 min 11 .…”

“…The increase in the efficiency of degradation in acidic media can be attributed to the generation of hydrogen radicals upon the interaction of hydrogen peroxide with CuO NPs 80 . Simultaneously, in acidic media, the nanoparticles become positively charged, which increases the rate of interaction of H 2 O 2 with CuO NPs resulting in the generation of more H + ions, and increasing the degradation of rifampicin 11 , 75 . The increase in efficiency of degradation of rifampicin in basic media can be attributed to the increase in OH − ions leading to the generation of more hydroxyl radicals which activates the active sites of CuO NPs.…”

“…The entropy of an endothermic reaction decreases when the reaction temperature increases due to the formation of degradation byproducts. For this reaction, the change in the heat was calculated from the experimental data to be 45.87 kJ mol −1 , while the change in entropy of the reaction was 108.03 J K −1 11 . The value of activation energy (E a ) of rifampicin degradation was calculated from the slope of the Arrhenius plot of lnK against 1/T by following pseudo-second-order kinetics established to occur during the degradation of rifampicin antibiotic by CuO NPs.…”

“…Rifampicin solution was prepared according to Ref. 11 in which 0.0025 g of rifampicin was dissolved in 1 mL methanol and 10 mL distilled water and the contents were transferred into a 250 mL volumetric flask 11 , 60 . The resultant rifampicin solution (10 mg/L) was used, and the degradation efficiency was calculated using Eq.…”

“…These antibiotics exhibit detrimental effects on humans and water ecosystems, attributed to their higher concentrations above the predicted environmental concentration 8 . The existence of antibiotics in the environment propagates antimicrobial resistance 9 – 11 , and their low concentrations are difficult to remove using conventional wastewater treatment plants 12 . The World Health Organization declared this resistance a public health crisis, threatening modalities to treat the increasing disease burden 13 .…”