“…Furthermore, a similar situation also occurs in the phase transformation of CuAlCl 4 from the beta phase to the alpha phase, with the differences most likely arising from the variations in grain size . In addition, the reduction reaction kinetics obtained in this work can be compared to those obtained in other published works. ,, As summarized in Table S3, the reaction kinetics is affected by the active component content, inert support type, gas atmosphere, gas concentration, and operating conditions. Therefore, as formulated with eqs –, the nucleation and nuclei growth model can be used to accurately describe the oxygen-releasing process from CuO reduction for the synthesized oxygen carriers. …”