Kinetics of radical polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate initiated by multi‐site phase transfer catalyst–potassium peroxydisulfate in two‐phase system

Abstract

The kinetics of radical polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate, initiated by the free radicals formed in situ in the multi-site phase transfer catalyst (PTC), 1,1,2,2-tetramethyl-1-benzyl-2-n-propylethylene-1,2-diammonium bromide chloride-potassium peroxydisulfate system was studied in an aqueous-organic two-phase media at 60 C 6 1 C under inert and unstirred condition. The rate of polymerization (R p ) was determined at various concentrations of the monomer, initiator, catalyst, and volume fraction of aqueous phase. The effect of acid, ionic strength, and water-immiscible organic solvents on the R p was examined. The temperature dependence of the rate was studied, and activation parameters were calculated. R p increased with an increase in the concentrations of monomer, initiator, multi-site PTC, and increase in the polarity of solvent and temperature. The order with respect to monomer, initiator, and multi-site PTC was found to be 0.50. A feasible free-radical mechanism consistent with the experimental data has been proposed, and its significance was discussed. The synthesized polymer was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis.

Ultrasonic condition boosts up the rate of phase transfer catalyzed polymerization of acrylonitrile in two-phase system

“…The rate of polymerization was slightly increases and then reaches the constant values in the employed acid concentrations. A similar kind of observation was reported in the phase-transfer catalyzed polymerization of different vinyl monomers [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Multi-site phase transfer catalyzed radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in mixed aqueous–organic medium: a kinetic study

“…It was found that the R p decreased in the following order: cyclohexanone [ ethyl acetate [ cyclohexane. An increase in the rate of polymerization was attributed to the increase in the polarity of the solvents, which facilitates greater transfer of peroxydisulfate ion from aqueous phase to organic phase [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]42] (Table 5).…”

“…The benefits of multi-site PTC are: enhance the rate of reaction with less time consumption and it transfers more number of active species from aqueous phase to organic phase during the reactions in contrast with single site-PTC. The reports on multi-site phase transfer catalyst aided radical polymerization of different alkyl methacrylates were gradually blooming in recent years [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. The acrylic esters especially methyl methacrylate (MMA) are commercially fascinating and significant functional monomer for the synthesis of acrylic resins and various polymers based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with tunable properties.…”

Phase transfer catalyst aided radical polymerization of n-butyl acrylate in two-phase system: a kinetic study

“…2). The monomer reaction order of unity has been reported for the phase transfer catalyst and PDS-aided polymerization of various vinyl monomers [26,28,30,34].…”

“…Recently, phase transfer-catalyzed polymerization of vinyl monomers was gaining remarkable interest [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Inspired by the versatile application of PTC, herein, we report the systematic kinetic study of radical polymerization of n-butyl acrylate using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB) as phase transfer catalyst and potassium peroxydisulphate (PDS) as water-soluble initiator in an ethyl acetate-water two-phase system.…”