Kinetics of pressure-induced nanocrystal superlattice formation

Lehmkühler, Felix; Schroer, Martin A.; Markmann, Verena; Frenzel, Lara; Möller, Johannes; Lange, Holger; Grübel, G.; Schulz, Florian

doi:10.1039/c9cp04658e

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This was further investigated in time‐resolved experiments after a pressure jump. [ 89 ] Therein, the pressure was raised from below to above the crystallization pressure within few milliseconds. The subsequent supercrystal formation and growth was tracked by time‐resolved SAXS.…”

Section: X‐ray Scattering Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 2,85,86 ] It should be noted, however, that also very fast (in the range of seconds) self‐assembly protocols based on solvent evaporation are reported [ 60 ] and supercrystal formation in seconds by high‐temperature crystallization [ 87 ] or induced by hydrostatic pressure has been observed. [ 88,89 ] As discussed above, attractive interparticle interactions are not crucial for self‐assembly. Well‐ordered entropy‐driven assembly is well known for hard‐spheres and rods.…”

Section: Self‐assembly Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Notable Approaches to Study Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticles with X‐Ray Scattering and Electron Microscopy

Schulz

Lokteva

Parak

et al. 2021

Part & Part Syst Charact

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several issues far from being resolved: for many systems long-range periodic order is not routinely achieved, reproducibility is often not optimal and truly emergent and new properties arising from the supercrystal formation could be demonstrated for just a few systems. [3][4][5][6][7] From the materials science perspective there is no established figure of merit or common set of parameters allowing to quantify "quality" of NP superlattices and supercrystals. In lieu of such standard procedures, terms as well-ordered, crystalline order, quasicrystalline, etc., are usually used in literature. However, there exist no commonly accepted definitions of what qualifies, e.g., as "well-ordered."In this review, we want to highlight some recent experimental developments and new approaches to study self-assembly of NPs or structure formation of NP supercrystals and their final structure. We focus on NP, the broad field of photonic materials prepared by self-assembly of larger colloidal particles is not covered herein. [8][9][10] The introduction of the basic concepts of NP self-assembly will be kept short and should be considered as an overview, for more background and details excellent comprehensive reviews are available. [2,11] We will then briefly address and discuss the expectations associated with self-assembled materials, especially the proposed emergence of new properties directly related to order. In the second part of the review, we will present recent innovative approaches for the investigation of self-assembly and self-assembled structures that go beyond the standard characterization. We focus mainly on structure and structure formation and less on properties, so most of the studies are based on scattering and electron microscopy. Figure 1 provides an overview roughly following this outline. Self-Assembly of NanoparticlesSelf-assembly is a broad term and occurs on all scales from atoms, ions, and molecules to galaxies, as pointed out by Whitesides and Grzybowski. [12] It can be defined as the autonomous organization of multiple discrete components into ordered structures, driven by energetics or entropy or both. [2,13] In nature, countless examples of highly complex and functional structures resulting from self-assembly can be found, Self-assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) has evolved into a powerful tool for the synthesis of superstructures with tailored properties. The quality, diversity, and complexity of synthesized structures are continuously improving and fascinating new collective properties are demonstrated. At the same time, the rapid development of electron microscopy and synchrotron sources for X-rays has enabled new exciting experimental approaches to study structure and structure formation in the context of NP self-assembly. In this review, some recent studies and what can be learned from them are highlighted and discussed. It is started with a general introduction covering important concepts, experimental approaches, commonly obtained structures, the ideas of artificial atoms, and emerging properties a...

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Section: X‐ray Scattering Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Self‐assembly Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Notable Approaches to Study Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticles with X‐Ray Scattering and Electron Microscopy

Schulz

Lokteva

Parak

et al. 2021

Part & Part Syst Charact

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“…They concluded that the decreasing of the lattice constant is primarily due to the compression of the PEG layer, because the Au core shape was not modified [82]. In the same research group, Lehmkühler et al studied the kinetics of the supercrystal formation induced by pressure [83]. The authors have taken the same radius of 6 nm than previously for the gold spherical nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with α-methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-ω-(11-mercaptoundecanoate) ligands (PEGMUA).…”

Section: Use Of High Pressures For the Supercrystal Formation Of Gold Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The time scale of this supercrystal formation has varied from 25 s to 0.3 s with the increasing of the pressure jump. This effect is linked to an improvement of the crystal quality caused by a larger speed of supercrystal formation [83].…”

Section: Use Of High Pressures For the Supercrystal Formation Of Gold Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoplasmonics in High Pressure Environment

Barbillon

2020

Photonics

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An explosion in the interest for nanoplasmonics has occurred in order to realize optical devices, biosensors, and photovoltaic devices. The plasmonic nanostructures are used for enhancing and confining the electric field. In the specific case of biosensing, this electric field confinement can induce the enhancement of the Raman signal of different molecules, or the localized surface plasmon resonance shift after the detection of analytes on plasmonic nanostructures. A major part of studies concerning to plasmonic modes and their application to sensing of analytes is realized in ambient environment. However, over the past decade, an emerging subject of nanoplasmonics has appeared, which is nanoplasmonics in high pressure environment. In last five years (2015–2020), the latest advances in this emerging field and its application to sensing were carried out. This short review is focused on the pressure effect on localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanosystems, the supercrystal formation of plasmonic nanoparticles stimulated by high pressure, and the detection of molecules and phase transitions with plasmonic nanostructures in high pressure environment.

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“…We recently observed well-defined crystallization directly from aqueous particle suspensions induced by pressure for PEGylated spherical AuNP. 20,21 This crystallization is fast and largely reversible. Unlike previous high pressure studies on NP assemblies starting with preordered crystals, [22][23][24][25][26][27] in our approach we observe pressure-induced crystallization directly from the liquid state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercrystal Formation of Gold Nanorods by High Pressure Stimulation

et al. 2019

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We demonstrate the pressure-induced formation of supercrystals made from PE-Gylated gold nanorods in aqueous suspension. Utilizing the combined effect of hydrostatic pressure and salt on the solubility of the organic PEG shell that passivates the nanorods, the reversible formation of two-dimensional hexagonal supercrystals has been observed by means of small angle X-ray scattering. The pressure dependence of the crystal lattice's structural parameters is determined. By time-resolved measurements performed after a pressure-jump, the growth process of the crystals is found to be finished already after a few seconds. The presented results demonstrate that by PEGylating nanoparticles pressure-induced homogeneous supercrystals can be formed for different particle shapes, in particular anisotropic nanorods, which determine the resulting lattice type.

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Kinetics of pressure-induced nanocrystal superlattice formation

Abstract: The formation of superlattices from aqueous suspensions of PEGylated gold nanocrystals at high hydrostatic pressure is studied by means of time-resolved small angle X-ray scattering.

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Recent Notable Approaches to Study Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticles with X‐Ray Scattering and Electron Microscopy

Recent Notable Approaches to Study Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticles with X‐Ray Scattering and Electron Microscopy

Nanoplasmonics in High Pressure Environment

Supercrystal Formation of Gold Nanorods by High Pressure Stimulation

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