Kinetics of polymer crystallization from solution and the melt

Hoffman, John D.; LauritzenJr., John I.; Passaglia, Elio; Ross, Gaylon S.; Frolen, Lois J.; Weeks, James J.

doi:10.1007/bf01500015

Cited by 161 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The crystal growth rate G strongly depends on T c ,163–168 and features a maximum value between T m and the glass transition temperature, T g . This typically ‘bell‐shaped’ growth rate/temperature dependence, which has been reported for a great many flexible chain polymers,163–167 is governed by two different factors: …”

Section: Polymer Semiconductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Semiconductor Growth and Morphology Considerations for Organic Thin‐Film Transistors

et al. 2010

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Analogous to conventional inorganic semiconductors, the performance of organic semiconductors is directly related to their molecular packing, crystallinity, growth mode, and purity. In order to achieve the best possible performance, it is critical to understand how organic semiconductors nucleate and grow. Clever use of surface and dielectric modification chemistry can allow one to control the growth and morphology, which greatly influence the electrical properties of the organic transistor. In this Review, the nucleation and growth of organic semiconductors on dielectric surfaces is addressed. The first part of the Review concentrates on small-molecule organic semiconductors. The role of deposition conditions on film formation is described. The modification of the dielectric interface using polymers or self-assembled mono-layers and their effect on organic-semiconductor growth and performance is also discussed. The goal of this Review is primarily to discuss the thin-film formation of organic semiconducting species. The patterning of single crystals is discussed, while their nucleation and growth has been described elsewhere (see the Review by Liu et. al).([¹]) The second part of the Review focuses on polymeric semiconductors. The dependence of physico-chemical properties, such as chain length (i.e., molecular weight) of the constituting macromolecule, and the influence of small molecular species on, e.g., melting temperature, as well as routes to induce order in such macromolecules, are described.

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Section: Polymer Semiconductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Semiconductor Growth and Morphology Considerations for Organic Thin‐Film Transistors

et al. 2010

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“…In the classical way, the equilibrium melting temperature T ~ of a crystallizable long-chain molecule can be obtained by extrapolation of the experimental relation between the melting temperature Tm and the crystallization temperature T to the line representing the relation T m = T [12]. For polymers, the problem remains: what is the appropriate definition of the melting temperature Tm ?…”

Section: Equilibrium Melting Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of random copolymerization on growth transition and morphology change in polypropylene

Monasse

Haudin

1988

Colloid & Polymer Sci

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The growth rate of an ethylene-propylene random copolymer with a 2.8 % w/w ethylene content was studied in a similar manner to polypropylene. A growth regime transition associated with a birefringence change was observed at 130 ~ while the same phenomena appeared at 138 ~ in isotactic polypropylene. In both polymers positive birefringence corresponds to Regime III, whereas negative birefringence of spherulites is associated with Regime II. The birefringence change is attributed to a change in the organization of crystalline lamellae: quadritic arrays of intercrossing lamellae at low temperature (Regime III) and preferentially radiating lamellae at higher temperature (Regime II). We confirm that such a morphological change can be interpreted using the concept of "non-adjacent re-entry" introduced in Hoffman's kinetic theory. Thus, quadritic morphology seems to have a partly kinetic origin. The shift of the transition temperature in the copolymer is due to the rejection of ethylene segments at the surface of crystalline lamellae of polypropylene.

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“…In most cases, the polymers have been amorphous. Although there is a vast literature [1][2][3][4][5] on both theoretical [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and experimental aspects of polymer crystallization, only few investigations are dealing with semicrystalline homopolymers at interfaces or within thin films [41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. To the best of our knowledge, there are extremely few thin film studies on the behavior of block copolymers with at least one crystallizable block, although many groups are interested in the morphologies exhibited by such polymers in the bulk [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphologies of diblock copolymer thin films before and after crystallization

et al. 2000

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Spin-coated thin films of about 100 nm of low-molecular-weight hydrogenated poly(butadiene-bethyleneoxide) (PB h -PEO) diblock copolymers have been crystallized at various constant temperatures. Crystallization has been observed in real time by light microscopy. Detailed structural information was obtained by atomic force microscopy, mainly enabled by the large viscoelastic contrast between amorphous and crystalline regions. The behavior in thin films is compared to the bulk properties of the polymer. Crystallization started from an annealed microphase separated melt where optical microscopy indicated a lamellar orientation parallel to the substrate. A small difference in the length of the crystallizable block produced significantly different crystallization behavior, both in the bulk and in thin films. For thin films of the shortest diblock copolymer (45% PEO content) and for an undercooling larger than about 10 degrees, crystallization created vertically oriented lamellae. These vertical lamellae could be preferentially aligned over several micrometers when crystallization occurred close to a three-phase contact line. Annealing at temperatures closer to the melting point or keeping the sample at room temperature for several months allowed the formation of a lamellar structure parallel to the substrate. A tentative interpretation based on kinetically caused chain folding and relaxation within the crystalline state, with implications on general aspects of polymer crystallization, is presented.PACS. 61.41.+e Polymers, elastomers, and plastics -68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology -68.60.Dv Thermal stability, thermal effects

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Kinetics of polymer crystallization from solution and the melt

Cited by 161 publications

References 37 publications

Organic Semiconductor Growth and Morphology Considerations for Organic Thin‐Film Transistors

Organic Semiconductor Growth and Morphology Considerations for Organic Thin‐Film Transistors

Effect of random copolymerization on growth transition and morphology change in polypropylene

Morphologies of diblock copolymer thin films before and after crystallization

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