Kinetics of Phagocytosis and Bacterial Killing by Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes and Monocytes

Peterson, Phillip K.; Verhoef, J.; Schmeling, David J.; Quie, Paul G.

doi:10.1093/infdis/136.4.502

Cited by 151 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Whereas, many adults and most infants lack good antibody levels for such known pathogens as K1-positive E. coli (27) or group B streptococci (28), most normal adults have functional serum opsonic activity for non-K1 E. coli (29) and coagulase negative staphylococci (30). In addition, newborn infants rapidly become colonized with both of these organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Development of Specific and Functional Antibody in Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infants

Goetz

Rosenberg

et al. 1988

Pediatr Res

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ABSTRACT. We evaluated the formation of specific and functional antibody in preterm infants born weighing less than 1500 g (mean 1088 g) and less than 32 wk gestational age (mean 28.8 wk). Plasma IgG antibody against tetanus and diphtheria toxoids were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Opsonic activity of heat-inactivated plasma was measured using radiolabeled bacteria, adult polymorphonuclear leukocytes and exogenous human complement. In the presence of complement, the strain of coagulase negative staphylococcus used was opsonized by IgG antibody, and the strain of Escherichia coli by IgM. Geometric mean plasma levels of tetanus and diphtheria IgG antibody fell from birth to 4 months chronological age, but rose significantly by 9 months (approximately 2 months after the third dose of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis vaccine). However, at 9 months they remained lower than the respective geometric mean levels in 9-month-old term infants (tetanus: p < 0.001; diphtheria: p = 0.02). The preterm infants' mean glasma IgG staphylococcal opsonic activity fell from birth to 2.5 months, but by 9 months was comparable to that of term infants of the same age. Mean IgM opsonic activity for E. coli was very low at birth in both preterm and term infants. It rose with chronological age, correlating with the rise in total IgM (r = 0.48, p < 0.001) and by 9 months the mean preterm and term infants' levels of IgM opsonic activity for E. coli were comparable. In the newborn period, the preterm infants' levels of plasma IgG tetanus and diphtheria antibody, but not IgG staphylococcal opsonic activity, correlated with their mothers' levels (tetanus: r = 0.84, p < 0.001; diphtheria: r = 0.86, p < 0.001; staphylococcal: r = 0.17, p = 0.38). Placentally

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Development of Specific and Functional Antibody in Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infants

Goetz

Rosenberg

et al. 1988

Pediatr Res

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“…PMNs were recovered from heparinized venous blood of healthy donors and purified by previously described methods (13). PMN supplied by Bayer A.G., Leverkusen, Germany.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular penetration and activity of BAY Y 3118 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Garcı́a

Pascual

Perea

1994

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The penetration of a new quinolone (BAY Y 3118) into human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was evaluated by a fluorometric assay. The cellular concentration-to-extracellular concentration (C/E) ratio was higher than 6.3 at extracellular concentrations ranging from 2 to 100 mg/liter. The uptake of BAY Y 3118 was rapid, reversible and nonsaturable. The intracellular penetration of BAY Y 3118 was significantly affected by environmental temperature (C/E ratio at 4°C, 5.4 ± 0.5; control, 7.5 ± 0.9; P < 0.05) and cell viability (C/E ratio in dead PMNs, 5.5 ± 0.8; control, 7.5 ± 0.9; P < 0.05), but it was not affected by metabolic inhibitors. supplied by Bayer A.G., Leverkusen, Germany. In these experiments, PMNs were incubated in Hanks balanced salt solution containing different concentrations of antimicrobial agent (2 to 100 mg/liter). After different incubation times at 37°C, cells were separated from extracellular solution by centrifugation through a water-impermeable silicone-oil barrier in a microcentrifuge tube. The entire cell pellet, obtained by cutting off the portion of the microcentrifuge tube containing the pellet, was placed in 2 ml of 0.1 M glycine-HCl buffer (pH 3.0) and agitated vigorously in a vortex shaker. Incubation for 2 h at room temperature was sufficient to release the intracellular antimicrobial agent fully (9). Samples were centrifuged for 5 min at 5,600 x g, and the amount of antimicrobial agent was determined by fluorescence emission of supernatants with an F 2000 fluorescence spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). The fluorescence excitation and emission maxima in 0.1 M glycine-HCl (pH 3.0) were 285 and 459 nm, respectively. Controls without antimicrobial agents were always used to determine the background fluorescence.Intracellular water space was measured by using triated water and the extracellular marker [14C]polyethylene glycol (1.4 mCi/g; New England Nuclear Corp., Boston, Mass.). Cells were incubated with these radiolabeled compounds for 2 min at 37°C, separated from extracellular fluid by velocity gradient centrifugation as described above, and counted in a liquid scintillation counter. Total water content of the cell pellet was corrected for trapped extracellular water, i.e., polyethylene glycol space, to obtain the intracellular water space. From the values obtained by this procedure, cell-associated antimicrobial agent concentrations were calculated and expressed as ratios of the cellular concentration to extracellular concentration (C/E ratios) (7).Characterization of BAY Y 3118 uptake. Further studies to elucidate the mechanism of BAY Y 3118 uptake of PMNs were performed as described previously (9). The importance of cell viability was studied by using PMNs killed by exposure to 10% Formalin for 30 min. These cells were washed and then suspended in fresh medium. Moreover, the influences of environmental temperature, pH, and metabolic inhibitors were evaluated. The influencc of temperature was examined by

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“…A radioisotope phagocytic assay was performed as previously described (16). A total of 1 ml of the reaction mixture was set up in duplicate microcentrifuges containing 1) 100 p1 of opsonized bacteria (2 x lo8 CFU/ml), 2) 100 p1 of neutrophil suspension (1 x lo7 cells/ml), and 3) HBSS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Immune Globulin Intravenous on Opsonization of Bacteria by Classic and Alternative Complement Pathways in Premature Serum

et al. 1989

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ABSTRACT. The mechanisms involved in the effect of immune globulin intravenous (IGIV) on bacterial opsonization by both complement pathways in premature serum were elucidated in this study. Of the bacteria used, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis were nonencapsulated while Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli 07 K1 were encapsulated. As demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence, IGIV showed specific antibody titers of 1:32 for S. aureus and S. enteritidis and of 1:8 for S. pyogenes and E. coli 07 K1. IGIV alone had no direct opsonic activity against these organisms. Addition of IGIV did not alter the opsonic activity of normal adult serum against these organisms. In contrast, addition of IGIV promoted the opsonic activity of premature serum against the nonencapsulated bacteria to levels matching that in normal adult serum. The IGIV preparation significantly improved the opsonization of bacteria by the classic (from 39 to 68% of that in adult serum) and alternative (from 22 to 97% of that in adult serum) complement pathways in premature serum. IGIV also markedly augmented C3 deposition on the bacteria by both complement pathways. These studies suggest that IGIV containing high titers of specific antibodies promote opsonization of bacteria by the enhancement of complement pathway activation, especially the alternative pathway, in premature serum. (Pediatr

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Kinetics of Phagocytosis and Bacterial Killing by Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes and Monocytes

Cited by 151 publications

References 22 publications

Longitudinal Development of Specific and Functional Antibody in Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infants

Longitudinal Development of Specific and Functional Antibody in Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infants

Intracellular penetration and activity of BAY Y 3118 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Effect of Immune Globulin Intravenous on Opsonization of Bacteria by Classic and Alternative Complement Pathways in Premature Serum

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