PAM (pulse-amplitude-modulated) fluorescence measurements of motile microphytobenthic algae were carried out in June 1996 at Sylt, Germany. Compansons between "C-based and fluorescence-based production rates were made. A very high correlation between 14C-and fluorescence-based production rates was found for maximal production rates (P, , values). I4C-based maximal production rates var~ed during the study penod between 0.65 and 1.7 mg C mg chl a-' h-', comparable to variations of P,,, measured with the fluorescence-based method. For other photosynthetic parameters [a (maximum light utilization coefficient). Ek (light saturation index), E,,, (light intensity at which P, , , , , is reached)], differences between the 2 methods were much larger. Highest carbon quantum yields ( @, , , ) (m01 C m01 quanta-' absorbed) were obtained at low irradiances. Considering the whole range of investigated carbon quantum yields, we found that initially these values decreased at low to moderate irradiances without a concomitant decline of the actual photochemical efficiency (F,' -F)/F,,' (Fand F,'. m~nimal and maximai iiuoresce~lct' signals in :he !igh!) Therefcre, e high !ine~rit)r between the actual photochemical efficiency and the carbon quantum yield could only be observed up to values of 0.018 m01 C m01 quanta-' This is different to higher plants, for which linearity can be observed up to carbon quantum yields of 0.042 m01 C m01 quanta-' It was shown that, for the calculation of the overall production rates based on the fluorescence method, it is necessary to carefully measure the mean specific absorption coefficient (a') of the algae. Unless this is achieved. PAM measurements cannot be used to calculate absolute production rates.