Kinetics of Microwave-Assisted Reduction of Manganese Oxide

Abstract

The reduction rates of manganese oxide by carbon and SiC was examined by heating MnO2-carbon and MnO2-SiC mixtures in a 7-kW industrial microwave oven. The results show that the rate of the reduction increased with the amount of carbon in MnO2-carbon mixture and with SiC in MnO2-SiC mixture. The rate of the MnO2 reduction by carbon was proportional to the reaction time, and that by SiC was proportional to 2/3 power of the reaction time. The reduction was found to be controlled by chemical reaction. The reaction rate constant of the reduction of MnO2kC increased with increasing the amount of carbon in the mixtures but kSiC decreased with increasing the amount of SiC in the mixtures.

Microfluidic chip‐capillary electrophoresis for two orders extension of adjustable upper working range for profiling of inorganic and organic anions in urine

“…However, both of them require complicated instrumentation, substantial capital sum and high operational cost. CE has long been used for the determination of inorganic and organic acids in serum and urine [12][13][14], and to separate lactate and pyruvate in a single erythrocyte [15][16][17][18][19]. It has high separation efficiency, good reproducibility, fast analysis, and low consumption of electrolytes and samples, as well as low capital and operating costs since neither bulky equipments nor costly columns are needed.…”