Kinetics of levulinic acid and furfural production from Miscanthus×giganteus

Sequential Production of Levulinic Acid and Porous Carbon Material from Cellulose

“…It is obvious that relatively lower temperature (e.g., 150 °C) was not sufficient for LA production (yield < 20%), even with a relative long reaction time of 8 h. However, relatively higher temperature (e.g., 210 °C) is not advocated, as only a moderate LA yield (about 33 wt%) can be obtained within a relatively short time (e.g., 1 h holding time). Extension of reaction time at the higher temperature limited LA yield, due to the formation of byproducts [26,27,28]. A LA yield of around 40 wt% (or 56% of theoretical yield) was obtained at a moderate temperature of 165 °C for 8–10 h, or 180 °C for 2–3 h. This yield is relatively high as compared to the LA yield from cellulose hydrolysis, as reviewed before [4].…”

Kinetic study of levulinic acid production from corn stalk at relatively high temperature using FeCl3 as catalyst: A simplified model evaluated

“…And high LA yield was also obtained at relatively high temperature (210 • C) using wheat straw as raw material (Chang et al, 2009). However, Girisuta's studies of sugar cane bagasse and Miscanthus-giganteus catalyzed hydrolysis to LA in a temperature range of 150-200 • C showed that higher levulinic acid yield could be obtained at 150 • C with a longer reaction time Dussan et al, 2013). Therefore, it is feasible that more levulinic acid can be obtained in a short time with higher temperature or in a long time with lower temperature.…”

Kinetic study of glucose conversion to levulinic acid over Fe/HY zeolite catalyst

“…Acid-catalyzed conversion of glucose to LA includes reactions of LA and 5-HMF formations, as well as humins formation reactions. Some studies have also incorporated a hydrolysis step into their kinetic models to produce glucose from cellulose or lignocellulosic biomass [4,[32][33][34]. The first kinetic study of lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis to glucose was performed by Saeman in 1945 [35].…”