“…The same group reported HET kinetics on a monolayer CVD graphene for an extensive library of redox mediators in both aqueous and organic (acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide) media, ranging from quasi-reversible to near-reversible kinetics, although the data were interpreted in terms of the Butler-Volmer formalism, the transfer coefficient, , values fell outside the usual range expected (0.3 < < 0.7). Significantly, an enhancement in kinetics was observed upon intentional coverage of a fraction of the surface (1/100th) with osmium complex "impurities," demonstrating that even the smallest amount of impurities can alter the apparent kinetics on a graphene surface [115]. Brownson et al studied mono-and multilayer polycrystalline CVD graphene, which was left on the Ni-film growth substrate.…”