Kinetics of esterification of 10-undecenoic and ricinoleic acids with near-critical and supercritical methanol

Narayan, Ram C.; Lamba, Neha; Javed, Ariba; Madras, Giridhar

doi:10.1039/c7se00258k

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Using the supercritical methods, the reported biodiesel yields vary from 95.22 to 96.5% and even if such methods produce high yields of biodiesel, their energy demand is often high. The reaction conditions for supercritical methods often require higher amount of alcohol versus oil for the alcoholysis [30]. At the same time, the process conditions include higher temperatures and pressures but shorter reaction times [28,57].…”

Section: Catalyst Test and Doe Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biodiesel production based on Ricinus oil has been studied by different reaction systems; i.e. homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, supercritical methods and enzymatic methods [22,[26][27][28][29][30]. Previously published work shows the suitability and the stability of the mayenite structure that offers the macro-porosity needed for the triglyceride and methanol molecules to interact at the catalyst active sites [31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Catalysis of Mixed Oxides on Mesoporous Mayenite for Biodiesel Production from Castor Oil (Ricinus communis)

Solis¹,

Alejo²,

Kiros³

2018

Synth Catal

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Environmental concern has been driving the search for substitutes to the fossil based energy sources and has been pushing forward research for bolstering second generation biodiesel production processes. However, various challenges emerge from the use of such feedstocks, eg. in transesterification processes. The high content of free fatty acids and moisture in the precursor triglycerides are the major restraints for the transesterification reaction. For instance, Ricinus oil can be exploited by the use of a heterogeneous catalyst capable of maintaining high activity. This study shows the development of lithium and tin oxides catalysts supported on mayenite (Ca 12 Al 14 O 33 ) for the transesterification of Ricinus oil with methanol (CH 3 OH). A basic characterization procedure was carried out to establish the quality of the obtained ricinus oil. Once the ricinus oil properties were assessed it was used for the transesterification reaction by catalysts synthesized with mixtures of Li 2 O, CaO, and SnO 2 in different mass ratios. The best performance for the binary mixtures was obtained with 70/30 and 90/10% wt of CaO/SnO 2 mass ratios at a temperature of 60°C with a methanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1 and a catalyst load of 5% wt in respect to oil. Furthermore, catalysts with Li 2 O and SnO 2 were synthesized in mass ratios from 50/0 to 0/50% wt on a mesoporous mayenite. The synthesized catalysts were analysed by surface characterization techniques, such as N 2 -physisorption, NH 3 -desorption, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, a central composite design with a response surface methodology was used to optimize the yield. The response surface methodology led to a maximum biodiesel yield of 85% with bare SnO 2 on mayenite with 6% wt of a catalyst load in respect to oil, 60°C of a temperature, and 4:1 of a methanol to oil molar ratio. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to determine the state of the catalysts after carrying out the aging test of the catalysts in CH 3 OH.

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Section: Catalyst Test and Doe Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Catalysis of Mixed Oxides on Mesoporous Mayenite for Biodiesel Production from Castor Oil (Ricinus communis)

Solis¹,

Alejo²,

Kiros³

2018

Synth Catal

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“…This result justifies Le Chartelier's principle. It is worth knowing that the operating costs may increase with a high amount of alcohol because of the amount of alcohol that needs to be evaporated after the reaction, which demands a higher heat load 147 …”

Section: Chemical Modification Of Oils For Biolubricants Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…153 Furthermore, most acid and base-catalysed reactions show higher FAME yields at longer reaction times. In a kinetic study of esterification reaction of 10-undecenoic ricinoleic acids and supercritical methanol, Narayan et al, 147 reported more than 80% conversion at different molar ratios (ie, 1:1;2:1;5:1, and 40:1). For both reactions (ie, methanol and 10-undecenoic acid and methanol and ricinoleic acid), the conversion of the reactions increased with time at respective temperatures of 523 K, 573 K, 623 K, and 673 K. For the second-stage process, a similar relationship is witnessed at a longer period of the process.…”

Section: Reaction Temperature and Reaction Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Biolubricant production via esterification and transesterification processes: Current updates and perspectives

Appiah

Tulashie

Akpari

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary The growing concern and limitations for existing lubricants have driven the need for biolubricants, extensively proposed as the most suitable and sustainable lubricating oils. Biolubricants are generally synthesized from various bio‐based sources, including vegetable oils, microbially derived oils, waste cooking oil, etc. They are promising commodities and advantageous to mineral‐based analogues due to their exceptional properties like their lubricity, biodegradability, reduced toxicity, and reduced volatility. Yet, their utilization as lubricants is constrained due to their relatively poor cold‐flow and thermo‐oxidative stability uncertainties even after being chemically modified. Hence, many chemical modification pathways have been reported to overcome this limitation, with the most exploited approaches being esterification and transesterification. This modification pathway enhanced the thermo‐oxidative stability and the cold‐flow properties of these bio‐based oils, increased the yield, and enhanced the quality of the lubricants. With this in mind, this paper reviews up‐to‐date works conducted in this area and critically report the advancement in esterification and transesterification production of biolubricants. The study further reviews the latest published literature, current updates, and future perspectives related to the synthesis of biolubricants. Also, the review highlights the significant factors that govern the entire reaction process, selection criteria of renewable feedstocks, and the tribological performance of biolubricants.

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Recent developments in synthesizing biolubricants — a review

Barberà

Hirayama

Maglinao

et al. 2022

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Kinetics of esterification of 10-undecenoic and ricinoleic acids with near-critical and supercritical methanol

Abstract: FAMEs were synthesized from two different carboxylic acids using a green pathway and a new mechanistic kinetic model was developed.

Cited by 6 publications

References 54 publications

Synthesis and Catalysis of Mixed Oxides on Mesoporous Mayenite for Biodiesel Production from Castor Oil (Ricinus communis)

Synthesis and Catalysis of Mixed Oxides on Mesoporous Mayenite for Biodiesel Production from Castor Oil (Ricinus communis)

Biolubricant production via esterification and transesterification processes: Current updates and perspectives

Recent developments in synthesizing biolubricants — a review

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