Kinetics of Conversion of High-Level Waste to Glass

Izak, Pavel; Hrma, Pavel R.; Schweiger, Michael J.; Heineman, W.R.; Eller, P. G.

doi:10.1021/bk-2001-0778.ch019

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Using this qualitative approach, the data in Tables III and IV indicate that the OSPE for the formation of spinels in nuclear waste glasses is Ni 2+ ≈Fe 2+ >Mg 2+ >Mn 2+ in agreement with the sequences determined in previous studies in simpler systems 50,52 . In addition, the presence of LiCr(SiO 3 ) 2 as a phase in Table III is an indication that LiCrO 4 in the presence of excess SiO 2 (LiCr(SiO 3 ) 2 =LiCrO 4 +2SiO 2 ) may also be present in nuclear waste glasses as a quasicrystalline species similar to the LiFeO 4 and NaFeO 4 quasicrystals observed previously during crucible and pilot scale melter tests 13,22 …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Experimental evidence for the existence of alkali ferric iron clusters (NaFeO 2 and LiFeO 2 complexes) in nuclear waste glasses is supported by the X‐ray identification of NaFe 2 O 4 and LiFe 2 O 4 spinel structured crystallites during the melter feed to glass conversion. The alkali ferric iron clusters have been observed in both pilot scale melter tests 13 and crucible tests 22 . These alkali ferric iron clusters appear to contain no Ni or Cr and are transient in the melt, later converting to Ni(Fe,Cr) 2 O 4 spinels 13,22,80 …”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The alkali ferric iron clusters have been observed in both pilot scale melter tests 13 and crucible tests 22 . These alkali ferric iron clusters appear to contain no Ni or Cr and are transient in the melt, later converting to Ni(Fe,Cr) 2 O 4 spinels 13,22,80 …”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Surface crystallization is not problematic in nuclear waste glass melters because spinel precursors (NaFe 2 O 4 and LiFe 2 O 4 ), which can redissolve in the melt pool, have been found to form at the melt–atmosphere interface 13,22 . Moreover, waste glass melts have been found to form a spinel‐rich protective layer along the chrome‐rich refractory walls, which then minimizes spinel formation in the melt pool from the refractory surfaces 23 as long as the protective layer is not removed by melt pool agitation or bubbling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Predicting the Spinel–Nepheline Liquidus for Application to Nuclear Waste Glass Processing. Part I: Primary Phase Analysis, Liquidus Measurment, and Quasicrystalline Approach

Jantzen

Brown

2007

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The crystal-melt equilibria in complex 15 component simulated high-level waste (HLW) glass melts are modeled on the basis of quasicrystalline concepts. A pseudobinary phase diagram between a transition metal ferrite spinel (an incongruent melt product of transition metal iron-rich acmite) and nepheline is defined in Part II on the basis of these concepts. The pseudobinary lies within the Al 2 O 3 -Fe 2 O 3 -Na 2 O-SiO 2 quaternary system that defines the crystallization of basalt glass melts. Part I defines the complex transition metal species that crystallize in waste glasses, the role of the octahedral site preference energies, the evidence for quasicrystalline clustering in waste glasses, and the potential quasicrystalline exchange reactions at the liquidus. The liquidus model developed on the basis of these concepts has been used to prevent unwanted crystallization in the world's largest HLW melter for the past 4 years while allowing 410 wt% higher waste loadings to be processed. J ournal

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Predicting the Spinel–Nepheline Liquidus for Application to Nuclear Waste Glass Processing. Part I: Primary Phase Analysis, Liquidus Measurment, and Quasicrystalline Approach

Jantzen

Brown

2007

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Melter feed is a mixture of many diverse components that respond to heating in a complex manner (Hnna et al 2002;Izak et al, 2001;Smith et aI. 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Melter-Feed-Makeup on Vitrification Process

Hrma

Kruger

Schweiger

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increasing the rate of glass processing in the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) will allow shortening the life cycle of waste cleanup at the Hanford Site. While the WTP melters have approached the limit of increasing the rate of melting by enhancing the heat transfer rate from molten glass to the cold cap, a substantial improvement can still be achieved by accelerating the feed-to-glass conversion kinetics. This study investigates how the feed-to-glass conversion process responds to the feed makeup. By identifying the means of control of primary foam fonnation and silica grain dissolution, it provides data needed for a meaningful and economical design oflarge-scale experiments aimed at achieving faster melting.

show abstract