Kinetics of coal fly ash chlorination by phosgene

Adelman, D. J.

doi:10.31274/rtd-180813-8935

Cited by 2 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The above results were obtained from the chlorination of alumina, but the same characteristics hold for bauxite, clay and fly ash chlorination (1,2,3,41,44,46). A complication with low-grade aluminous ores Is that they are typically low surface area materials and exhibit a reduced reactivity compared to gamma-alumina.…”

Section: Chlorination Of Aluminum Oressupporting

confidence: 61%

“…AlgOg + 301% + 3C -> 2AICI3 + 3C0 (1) AlgOg + 301% + 3C0 > 2AICI3 + 3CO2 (2) Both reactions 1 and 2 occur in parallel when carbon is used as the reductant. Reaction 3 (Boudard reaction), will attempt to control the C0:C02 ratio.…”

Section: Literature Review Carbochlorlnation Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NaCl-AlClg fused salt as the liquid medium. Carbochlorination has been demonstrated as a method for the recovery of aluminum, titanium and other metals from traditional ores and coal combustion wastes (2,14,22,25,37).…”

Section: Introduction 1 VImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior work on the recovery of metals from coal combustion wastes by carbochlorination has focused on gas-solid reaction systems (1,2,41).…”

Section: Introduction 1 VImentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbochlorination of metal oxides using a fused salt slurry reactor

Dobbins

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Physical properties 13 Chemical properties 15 Reaction Mechanism 16 Fused Salt Chlorination of Other Metals 17 Titaniferrous ores 18 Oxide chlorination study 18 SLURRY REACTION CHARACTERSTICS 20 Carbochlorination of a Pure Oxide 20 Mixed Oxides 26 EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES 29 Aluminum Chloride Purification 29 Fly Ash Solubility Experiments 31 Fused Salt Chlorination Experimental Design 33 Chlorination Equipment 34 ill Reactor 34 Metal chloride condensers 42 Noncondensable gas analysis 43 Chlorination Experimental Procedure 47 Analytical Procedures 50 Analysis of slurry samples 50 Chemical analysis 50 Particle size analysis 52 Reactant Characteristics 53 Alumina 53 Fly ash 55 Carbon sources 55 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 58 Alumina Chlorination Screening Study 58 Experimental procedure 59 Alumina loading and melt composition effects 60 Carbon loading and chlorine flow rate effects 64 Temperature effects 65 Summary Temperature Dependence Reaction profiles Arrhenius analysis Mechanism versus temperature Chlorine side reactions Process considerations Chlorine sparger plugging Summary Mechanism Experiments 81 Coke impurities 81 Alumina-carbon prechlorination reaction 83 Carbon prechlorination 88 Summary 91 Carbon Loading and Surface Area Effects 91 Carbon particle reaction 97 Summary 101 Reaction Rate Versus Stirrer Speed 102 iv Proposed Reaction Mechanism 104 CO formation 108 Summary 109 Effect of NaCl-AlClg Melts on Fly Ash 109 Summary 114 Fused Salt Chlorination of Fly Ash 114 Major component chlorination 115 Minor component chlorination 122 Reactivity of mineral phases in fly ash 125 SEM micrographs 127 Comparison to gas-solid chlorination 132 FUSED SALT CHLORINATION PROCESS 135 Fused Salt-Gas-Solid Reaction Comparison 135

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Section: Chlorination Of Aluminum Oressupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Literature Review Carbochlorlnation Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction 1 VImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior work on the recovery of metals from coal combustion wastes by carbochlorination has focused on gas-solid reaction systems (1,2,41).…”

Section: Introduction 1 VImentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbochlorination of metal oxides using a fused salt slurry reactor

Dobbins

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“…This pore diffusion effect would then result in a reduction in the amount of chlorination for the fly ash. In regarding the above discussion, one may note that developing of a pore structure during chlorination of fly ash has been reported by Adelman [1] employing an electrobalance flow reactor. Further noted is that an inverse relationship between the particle diameter and aluminum reaction rate of fly ash suggesting a possible pore diffusion controlled step has also been indicated by Mehrotra et al [16,17] using a fluidized bed chlorinator.…”

Section: Effect Of Oxides On the Chlorination In The Presence Of Carbonmentioning

confidence: 89%

Recovery of metals from power plant fly ash by two‐stage preferential chlorination

Chang

Burnet

Murtha

1987

Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers

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Preferential chlorination or pre-chlorination of iron oxide in fly ash was investigated as one means for reducing the iron in the final product. The chlorination behavior of pure Fe 2 O 3 , pure Al 2 O 3 , pure SiO 2 , a mixture corresponding in composition to that of non-magnetic fly ash, and oxides mixtures with various combinations of Fe 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 were also studied to give a better understanding of the selective chlorination of the Fe 2 O 3 and of the effects of oxides upon the chlorination of other oxides.The results reveal that chlorine attacks preferentially upon iron oxide. In the presence of carbon at a moderate temperature, the addition of A1 2 O 3 and/or SiO 2 to Fe 2 O 3 generally decreases the chlorination extent of Fe 2 O 3 ; however, the addition of SiO 2 to Al 2 O 3 or to Fe 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 mixture increases the chlorination extent of Al 2 O 3 . The chlorination extents of Fe 2 O 3 and of Al 2 O 3 in the ash-carbon mixture and in the ignited ash are generally lower than those in the corresponding Fe 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 mixture. Comparison of the extents of chlorination for fly ash at low to moderate temperatures in the presence of carbon to those at high temperatures without adding carbon has been made. The results indicate that the chlorination of ash to produce AlCl 3 with low iron contamination without losing significant amounts of aluminum can be best accomplished in a two-stage process consisting of a selective chlorination of Fe 2 O 3 at moderate temperature (say, 700°C) and a high temperature (say, 850°C) chlorination of Al 2 O 3 , both with addition of carbon.

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Kinetics of coal fly ash chlorination by phosgene

Cited by 2 publications

References 31 publications

Carbochlorination of metal oxides using a fused salt slurry reactor

Carbochlorination of metal oxides using a fused salt slurry reactor

Recovery of metals from power plant fly ash by two‐stage preferential chlorination

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