Kinetics of Aqueous Persulfate-Induced Oxidative Degradation of Heptafluorobutanoate, Pentafluoropropionate, and Trifluoroacetate

Marchione, Alexander A.; Diaz, Elizabeth L.; Boyle, Jill E.

doi:10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109902

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In contrast, oxidation using sulfate radicals (SO 4 – • , generated from persulfate and preserved at pH < 2) is a well-adopted pretreatment for water sample analysis. For example, the measurement of total phosphorus uses acidic persulfate digestion to convert various organic phosphate esters into orthophosphate. , SO 4 – • can also oxidize PFCAs via decarboxylation. − Second, “novel” PFAS structures do not necessarily produce linear PFCAs, , which the current TOP assay relies on. However, while the reaction kinetics under oxidative conditions have been extensively quantified, the structural transformation of emerging PFAS has not been adequately understood. , Hence, it is important to elucidate the transformation of novel PFAS “precursors” by both SO 4 – • and HO • for environmental detection and source tracking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Transformation of Nafion-Related Fluorinated Ether Sulfonates: Comparison with Legacy PFAS Structures and Opportunities of Acidic Persulfate Digestion for PFAS Precursor Analysis

Liu,

Jin,

Rao

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay has been extensively used for detecting PFAS pollutants that do not have analytical standards. It uses hydroxyl radicals (HO•) from the heat activation of persulfate under alkaline pH to convert H-containing precursors to perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) for target analysis. However, the current TOP assay oxidation method does not apply to emerging PFAS because (i) many structures do not contain C–H bonds for HO• attack and (ii) the transformation products are not necessarily PFCAs. In this study, we explored the use of classic acidic persulfate digestion, which generates sulfate radicals (SO4 – •), to extend the capability of the TOP assay. We examined the oxidation of Nafion-related ether sulfonates that contain C–H or −COO–, characterized the oxidation products, and quantified the F atom balance. The SO4 – • oxidation greatly expanded the scope of oxidizable precursors. The transformation was initiated by decarboxylation, followed by various spontaneous steps, such as HF elimination and ester hydrolysis. We further compared the oxidation of legacy fluorotelomers using SO4 – • versus HO•. The results suggest novel product distribution patterns, depending on the functional group and oxidant dose. The general trends and strategies were also validated by analyzing a mixture of 100000- or 10000-fold diluted aqueous film-forming foam (containing various fluorotelomer surfactants and organics) and a spiked Nafion precursor. Therefore, (1) the combined use of SO4 – • and HO• oxidation, (2) the expanded list of standard chemicals, and (3) further elucidation of SO4 – • oxidation mechanisms will provide more critical information to probe emerging PFAS pollutants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Transformation of Nafion-Related Fluorinated Ether Sulfonates: Comparison with Legacy PFAS Structures and Opportunities of Acidic Persulfate Digestion for PFAS Precursor Analysis

Liu,

Jin,

Rao

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…21,22 SO4 -• can also oxidize PFCAs via decarboxylation. [23][24][25][26] Second, "novel" PFAS structures do not necessarily produce linear PFCAs, 14,19 which the current TOP assay relies on. However, while the reaction kinetics under oxidative conditions have been extensively quantified, the structural transformation of emerging PFAS has not been adequately understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Transformation of Nafion-Related Fluorinated Ether Sulfonates: Comparison with Legacy PFAS Structures and Opportunities of Acidic Persulfate Digestion for PFAS Precursor Analysis

LIU,

Jin,

Liu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay has been extensively used for detecting PFAS pollutants without analytical standards. It uses hydroxyl radical (HO•) from the heat-activation of persulfate under alkaline pH to convert H-containing precursors to perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs) for target analysis. However, the current TOP assay oxidation method does not apply to emerging PFAS because (i) many structures do not contain C−H bonds for HO• attack, and (ii) the transformation products are not necessarily PFCAs. In this study, we explored the use of classic acidic persulfate digestion, which generates sulfate radical (SO4−•), to extend the capability of TOP assay. We examined the oxidation of Nafion-related ether sulfonates that contain C−H or −COO−, characterized the oxidation products, and quantified the F atom balance. The SO4−• oxidation greatly expanded the scope of oxidizable precursors. The transformation was initiated by decarboxylation, followed by various spontaneous steps such as HF elimination and ester hydrolysis. We further compared the oxidation of legacy fluorotelomers using SO4−• versus HO•. The results suggest novel product distribution patterns depending on the functional group and oxidant dose. Therefore, (1) the combined use of SO4−• and HO• oxidation, (2) the expanded list of standard chemicals, and (3) further elucidation of SO4−• oxidation mechanisms will provide more critical information to probe PFAS precursor structures.

show abstract

Kinetics of Aqueous Persulfate-Induced Oxidative Degradation of Heptafluorobutanoate, Pentafluoropropionate, and Trifluoroacetate

Cited by 2 publications

References 41 publications

Oxidative Transformation of Nafion-Related Fluorinated Ether Sulfonates: Comparison with Legacy PFAS Structures and Opportunities of Acidic Persulfate Digestion for PFAS Precursor Analysis

Oxidative Transformation of Nafion-Related Fluorinated Ether Sulfonates: Comparison with Legacy PFAS Structures and Opportunities of Acidic Persulfate Digestion for PFAS Precursor Analysis

Oxidative Transformation of Nafion-Related Fluorinated Ether Sulfonates: Comparison with Legacy PFAS Structures and Opportunities of Acidic Persulfate Digestion for PFAS Precursor Analysis

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