Kinetics of antibody and memory B cell responses after MMR immunization in children and young adults

Kakoulidou, Maria; Ingelman-Sundberg, Hanna M.; Johansson, Elin; Cagigi, Alberto; Farouk, Salah E.; Nilsson, Anna; Johansen, Kari

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.11.031

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Presence of a BCG scar in 80.6% of study participants indicated rather high vaccine coverage, and measles antibody levels above the cut-off were present in 96.6%. Measles antibody levels were comparable to levels observed in pregnant women in Belgium and in a Swedish volunteer group, in which concentrations were measured with the same ELISA kit [29], [30], or in an adult population in Addis-Abeba [31]. The increase in measles antibody concentrations in HAT patients and controls 7 months after inclusion, is unlikely due to a technical bias since samples taken at both time points were analyzed in the same ELISA plate.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…The rise might have been caused by a natural exposure to measles, as measles outbreaks regularly occur in DR Congo, also during the study period [32]. Although existing data are contradictory, presence of antibodies does not necessarily reflect presence of antibody secreting memory B-cells, as continuous antibody secretion might be due to long-lived plasma cells rather than on-going activation of memory B-cells [30]. Measles vaccine induces both humoral and cellular immune responses comparable to those following natural infection [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis and Immunological Memory: Effect on Phenotypic Lymphocyte Profiles and Humoral Immunity

et al. 2014

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In mice, experimental infection with Trypanosoma brucei causes decreased bone marrow B-cell development, abolished splenic B-cell maturation and loss of antibody mediated protection including vaccine induced memory responses. Nothing is known about this phenomenon in human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), but if occurring, it would imply the need of revaccination of HAT patients after therapy and abolish hope for a HAT vaccine. The effect of gambiense HAT on peripheral blood memory T- and B-cells and on innate and vaccine induced antibody levels was examined. The percentage of memory B- and T-cells was quantified in peripheral blood, prospectively collected in DR Congo from 117 Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infected HAT patients before and six months after treatment and 117 controls at the same time points. Antibodies against carbohydrate antigens on red blood cells and against measles were quantified. Before treatment, significantly higher percentages of memory B-cells, mainly T-independent memory B-cells, were observed in HAT patients compared to controls (CD20+CD27+IgM+, 13.0% versus 2.0%, p<0.001). The percentage of memory T-cells, mainly early effector/memory T-cells, was higher in HAT (CD3+CD45RO+CD27+, 19.4% versus 16.7%, p = 0.003). After treatment, the percentage of memory T-cells normalized, the percentage of memory B-cells did not. The median anti-red blood cell carbohydrate IgM level was one titer lower in HAT patients than in controls (p<0.004), and partially normalized after treatment. Anti-measles antibody concentrations were lower in HAT patients than in controls (medians of 1500 versus 2250 mIU/ml, p = 0.02), and remained so after treatment, but were above the cut-off level assumed to provide protection in 94.8% of HAT patients, before and after treatment (versus 98.3% of controls, p = 0.3). Although functionality of the B-cells was not verified, the results suggest that immunity was conserved in T.b. gambiense infected HAT patients and that B-cell dysfunction might not be that severe as in mouse models.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis and Immunological Memory: Effect on Phenotypic Lymphocyte Profiles and Humoral Immunity

et al. 2014

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“…78, 79, 80 Measuring the response of rubella-specific memory B cells in vaccinees may be an alternative correlate and might explain protective immunity in those individuals with low levels of serum antibodies. 81 The seroconversion rate after two doses of MMR-II approaches 99% and antibodies persist for at least 21 years. 82, 83 The high seroconversion rate of 99% is observed as early as 9-months-old after receiving the Wistar RA 27/3 live rubella virus vaccine strain.…”

Section: Rubella Vaccine Immunogeneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubella

et al. 2015

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Rubella remains an important pathogen globally with approximately 100,000 cases of congenital rubella syndrome estimated to occur each year. Rubella vaccine is highly effective and safe when used across a population and, as a result, endemic rubella transmission has been interrupted in the Americas since 2009. Incomplete rubella vaccination programs result in continued disease transmission as evidenced by recent large outbreaks in Japan and elsewhere. Herein, we provide current results regarding rubella control, elimination and eradication policies, and a brief review of new laboratory diagnostics. In addition, we provide novel information regarding rubella vaccine immunogenetics and review the emerging evidence of inter-individual variability in humoral and cell-mediated innate and adaptive immune responses to rubella vaccine and their association with HLA alleles, haplotypes, and single nucleotide polymorphisms across the human genome. Finally, we conclude with a call for further research in rubella vaccine immunogenetics and its ability to inform a vaccinomics-level approach to novel vaccine candidate development and the need for a next generation vaccine that is affordable, easy to administer, and does not require a cold chain for optimal immunogenicity.

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“…Furthermore, a rubellaspecific IgG titer of <10 IU/mL may not equate a lack of immunity, since the antigen-specific memory B-cells (MBC) pool and the corresponding antibody titers are regulated independently so that individuals with low post-vaccination antibody titers could still have adequate MBC response, 42 hence explaining the sole case of CRS reported in 2008 in Hong Kong during the past decade. Furthermore, a rubellaspecific IgG titer of <10 IU/mL may not equate a lack of immunity, since the antigen-specific memory B-cells (MBC) pool and the corresponding antibody titers are regulated independently so that individuals with low post-vaccination antibody titers could still have adequate MBC response, 42 hence explaining the sole case of CRS reported in 2008 in Hong Kong during the past decade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Limited by the nature of our study, we did not have the actual rubella antibody titers in the rubella non-immune women, or a reliable or verifiable history of previous immunization, so that we could not distinguish between primary or secondary vaccine failure, or those who were naïve to the natural infection or immunization. Furthermore, a rubellaspecific IgG titer of <10 IU/mL may not equate a lack of immunity, since the antigen-specific memory B-cells (MBC) pool and the corresponding antibody titers are regulated independently so that individuals with low post-vaccination antibody titers could still have adequate MBC response, 42 hence explaining the sole case of CRS reported in 2008 in Hong Kong during the past decade. 43 On the other hand, regardless of the underlying cause, rubella non-immunity was independently associated with increased risk of PE in multiparous women and those with a male fetus.…”

Section: Non-immune Immune Non-immune Immunementioning

confidence: 99%