Kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer in healthy adults up to 6 months after BNT162b2 vaccination measured by two immunoassays: A prospective cohort study in Japan

Matsuura, Tomoka; Fukushima, Wakaba; Nakagama, Yu; Kido, Yasutoshi; Kase, Tetsuo; Kondo, Kyoko; Kaku, Natsuko; Matsumoto, Kazuhiro; Suita, Asae; Komiya, Eriko; Mukai, Emiko; Nitahara, Yuko; Konishi, Ayako; Kasamatsu, Ayane; Nakagami-Yamaguchi, Etsuko; Ohfuji, Satoko; Kaneko, Yukihiro; Kaneko, Akira; Kakeya, Hiroshi; Hirota, Yoshio

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.018

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A recent study demonstrated the different kinetics of the two immunoassays in healthy adults. 40 In the study, the anti-RBD titers after six months from the second vaccination were more attenuated in Architect (Abbott) than in Elecsys (Roche) even though the changes in antibody titers were similar until one month after the second vaccination. The authors speculated that the attenuation of antibodies in Elecsys was less than that in Architect owing to the detection of antibodies with higher avidity by Elecsys because time intervals and additional vaccine doses increase the maturation and activity of antibodies induced against the target antigen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccine in lung cancer patients receiving anticancer treatment: A prospective multicenter cohort study

Nakashima

Ishida

Matsui

et al. 2022

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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This study assessed the immunogenicity and safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in lung cancer patients receiving anticancer treatment. We enrolled lung cancer patients receiving anticancer treatment and non-cancer patients; all participants were fully vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine. Blood samples were collected before the first and second vaccinations and 4 ± 1 weeks after the second vaccination. Anti-severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein S1 subunit receptor-binding domain antibody titers were measured using the Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant and Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assays. Fifty-five lung cancer patients and 38 non-cancer patients were included in the immunogenicity analysis. Lung cancer patients showed significant increase in the geometric mean antibody concentration, which was significantly lower than that in the non-cancer patients after the first (30 vs. 121 AU/mL, p < .001 on Architect; 4.0 vs 1.2 U/mL, p < .001 on Elecsys) and second vaccinations (1632 vs. 3472 AU/mL, p = .005 on Architect; 213 vs 573 A/mL, p = .002 on Elecsys). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for seroprotection was significantly lower ( p < .05) in lung cancer patients than that in non-cancer patients. Analysis of the anticancer treatment types showed that the aOR for seroprotection was significantly lower ( p < .05) in lung cancer patients receiving cytotoxic agents. They showed no increase in adverse reactions. BNT162b2 vaccination in lung cancer patients undergoing anticancer treatment significantly increased ( p < .05) antibody titers and showed acceptable safety. Immunogenicity in these patients could be inadequate compared with that in non-cancer patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccine in lung cancer patients receiving anticancer treatment: A prospective multicenter cohort study

Nakashima

Ishida

Matsui

et al. 2022

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…We adjusted the model parameters using two sets of anti-Spike antibody measures obtained with two different assays. While different antibody assays can show different kinetics ( 31 ) because some assays are tuned for high-avidity antibodies ( 32 ), the antibody assays employed in the two datasets give a similar kinetics after the first dose of AstraZeneca, i.e., no major variation in the antibody titer between 4 and 12 weeks. For this reason, in Figures 1 , 2 we could simply use two different scaling factors to adjust the scale of the model output to the antibody concentrations obtained with the two different assays.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-silico evaluation of adenoviral COVID-19 vaccination protocols: Assessment of immunological memory up to 6 months after the third dose

et al. 2022

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BackgroundThe immune response to adenoviral COVID-19 vaccines is affected by the interval between doses. The optimal interval is unknown.AimWe aim to explore in-silico the effect of the interval between vaccine administrations on immunogenicity and to analyze the contribution of pre-existing levels of antibodies, plasma cells, and memory B and T lymphocytes.MethodsWe used a stochastic agent-based immune simulation platform to simulate two-dose and three-dose vaccination protocols with an adenoviral vaccine. We identified the model’s parameters fitting anti-Spike antibody levels from individuals immunized with the COVID-19 vaccine AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1-S, Vaxzevria). We used several statistical methods, such as principal component analysis and binary classification, to analyze the correlation between pre-existing levels of antibodies, plasma cells, and memory B and T cells to the magnitude of the antibody response following a booster dose.Results and conclusionsWe find that the magnitude of the antibody response to a booster depends on the number of pre-existing memory B cells, which, in turn, is highly correlated to the number of T helper cells and plasma cells, and the antibody titers. Pre-existing memory T cytotoxic cells and antibodies directly influence antigen availability hence limiting the magnitude of the immune response. The optimal immunogenicity of the third dose is achieved over a large time window, spanning from 6 to 16 months after the second dose. Interestingly, after any vaccine dose, individuals can be classified into two groups, sustainers and decayers, that differ in the kinetics of decline of their antibody titers due to differences in long-lived plasma cells. This suggests that the decayers may benefit from a tailored boosting schedule with a shorter interval to avoid the temporary loss of serological immunity.

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“…The IgG response following SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccination (i) peaks rapidly within the first 2 months from the initial dose and then (ii) enters a subsequent stage of gradual decay. 8 The initial studies reporting the effect of prior infection on BNT162b2 post-vaccination antibody titers had often targeted the peak response. At 2 months and 3 months after the initial dose, 3.7-fold and 2.7-fold increases, respectively, were observed in vaccinees with prior COVID-19 infection compared with the naïve group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of prior COVID-19 on vaccine response and the resultant hybrid immunity are age-dependent

Nakagama

Komase

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background More people with a history of prior infection are receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Understanding the magnitude of protectivity granted by hybrid immunity, the combined response of infection- and vaccine-induced immunity, may impact vaccination strategies. Methods A total of 36 synchronously infected (prior infection) and, 33 SARS-CoV-2 naive (naive) individuals participated. Participants provided sera six months after completing a round of BNT162b2 vaccination, to be processed for anti-spike antibody measurements and neutralization assays. The relationships between antibody titer, groups and age were explored. Results Anti-spike antibody titers at 6 months post-vaccination were significantly higher, reaching 13- to 17-fold, in the prior infection group. Linear regression models showed that the enhancement in antibody titer attributable to positive infection history increased from 8.9- to 9.4- fold at age 30 to 19- to 32-fold at age 60. Sera from the prior infection group showed higher neutralizing capacity against all six analyzed strains, including the Omicron variant. Conclusions Prior COVID-19 led to establishing enhanced humoral immunity at 6 months after vaccination. Antibody fold-difference attributed to positive COVID-19 history increased with age, possibly because older individuals are prone to symptomatic infection accompanied by potentiated immune responses. Durable protection of hybrid immunity deserves reflection in vaccination campaigns.

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Kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer in healthy adults up to 6 months after BNT162b2 vaccination measured by two immunoassays: A prospective cohort study in Japan

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccine in lung cancer patients receiving anticancer treatment: A prospective multicenter cohort study

Immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccine in lung cancer patients receiving anticancer treatment: A prospective multicenter cohort study

In-silico evaluation of adenoviral COVID-19 vaccination protocols: Assessment of immunological memory up to 6 months after the third dose

The impact of prior COVID-19 on vaccine response and the resultant hybrid immunity are age-dependent

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