Kinetics and modeling of methyl methacrylate graft copolymerization in the presence of natural rubber latex

Sirirat, Tanita; Vatanatham, Terdthai; Hansupalak, Nanthiya; Rempel, Garry L.; Arayapranee, Wanvimon

doi:10.1007/s11814-014-0274-1

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Equation (13) is very similar to Equation (9) and, for this reason, the mechanism of the grafting reaction of NVI onto gellan involves the same elementary reactions encountered in the free radical polymerization, namely, initiation, chain growth or chain propagation, chain transfer and termination of polymer chains [ 38 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Grafted Copolymers Carrying Betaine Units Based on Gellan and N-Vinylimidazole as Precursors for Design of Drug Delivery Systems

Racoviţă¹,

Baranov

Macsim³

et al. 2020

Molecules

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New grafted copolymers possessing structural units of 1-vinyl-3-(1-carboxymethyl) imidazolium betaine were obtained by graft copolymerization of N-vinylimidazole onto gellan gum followed by the polymer-analogous reactions on grafted polymer with the highest grafting percentage using sodium chloroacetate as the betainization agent. The grafted copolymers were prepared using ammonium persulfate/N,N,N′,N′ tetramethylethylenediamine in a nitrogen atmosphere. The grafting reaction conditions were optimized by changing one of the following reaction parameters: initiator concentration, monomer concentration, polymer concentration, reaction time or temperature, while the other parameters remained constant. The highest grafting yield was obtained under the following reaction conditions: ci = 0.08 mol/L, cm = 0.8 mol/L, cp = 8 g/L, tr = 4 h and T = 50 °C. The kinetics of the graft copolymerization of N-vinylimidazole onto gellan was discussed and a suitable reaction mechanism was proposed. The evidence of the grafting reaction was confirmed through FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The grafted copolymer with betaine structure was obtained by a nucleophilic substitution reaction where the betainization agent was sodium chloroacetate. Preliminary results prove the ability of the grafted copolymers to bind amphoteric drugs (cefotaxime) and, therefore, the possibility of developing the new sustained drug release systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Grafted Copolymers Carrying Betaine Units Based on Gellan and N-Vinylimidazole as Precursors for Design of Drug Delivery Systems

Racoviţă¹,

Baranov

Macsim³

et al. 2020

Molecules

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“…Hence, we used the apparent melting temperature for the blends for the following discussion. The volume fraction here equals the mass fraction ( W ) since the bulk densities of the monomer units of PEO (∼1.20 g cm −3 ) and NR‐ g ‐PMMA (∼0.90 g cm −3 ) are roughly the same for the blends under the discussion. In what follows, we always use ϕ 2 = W 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Properties and Morphology of Compatible Poly(ethylene oxide)/Natural Rubber‐graft‐poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends

Zainal

Hein²,

Abetz

et al. 2018

Macromolecular Symposia

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Free standing films of blends of poly(ethylene oxide) and natural rubber‐graft‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PEO/NR‐g‐PMMA) with 40 mol% of PMMA‐graft were prepared at different mass compositions using solution casting technique. These blends show immiscibility in the molten state as indicated by two glass transition temperatures (Tg's), which correspond relatively close to the PEO and NR‐backbone components. The assessment of Tg of the PMMA‐graft can not be made under the experimental condition (heating up to 80 °C). It is expected that the Tg of PMMA‐graft is around 100 °C. Upon cooling from the melt, PEO crystallizes and liquid‐solid phase separation takes place. At room temperature, although the blends are immiscible, results show that the amorphous phase of the blends may comprise of mixture of compatible interfacial region of PEO and PMMA‐graft. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was used for the qualitative assessment of the blend compatibility. The compatibility of PEO and PMMA‐graft was evaluated by change in heat capacity (ΔCp) of the glass transition of PEO and NR‐backbone in the blends. Furthermore, the crystallinity (X*) and melting temperature (Tm) of PEO in the blends at higher content of NR‐g‐PMMA are depressed, which support the Tg and ΔCp results. These findings are in agreement with PEO crystalline structure from WAXS analysis and morphological studies where the PEO spherulites show a significant change upon addition of NR‐g‐PMMA in the blends.

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“…Currently, graft copolymerization is a simple but effective chemical modification method for enhancing and modifying molecular structures and functions (Ma et al., 2016; Sirirat et al., 2015), as the active functional groups in natural polymers can provide favorable reaction preconditions. In the presence of initiators, the graft copolymerization reaction can occur subject to the appropriate selection of grafting monomers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development and characterization of a novel coagulant for dust suppression in open-cast coal mines

Zhou

Fan

et al. 2017

Adsorption Science & Technology

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This paper proposes the development of a novel coagulant for dust suppression in open-cast mines. Specifically, pretreated sodium lignin sulfonate and acrylic acid were first cross-linked, then the graft copolymerization of the intermediate product (the cross-linking product) and acrylamide was conducted and finally the resulting gelatinous substances were crushed. During the reaction process, N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide and ammonium persulfate were used as the cross-linking agent and initiator, respectively. Subsequently, the functional groups, crystalline structure, and thermal stability of the dust coagulant were examined by means of Fourier transform infrared spectra measurements, X-ray diffraction spectra measurements, and differential scanning calorimeter analysis. Moreover, single-factor experiments were conducted to explore the optimal synthesis condition. According to the experimental results, the coagulant achieved its optimal dust suppression performance under the following conditions: the mass ratio of lignin to acrylic acid was 1:3, the mass ratio of lignin to acrylamide was 2:7, the content of the cross-linking agent was 0.9%, the mass ratio of initiator to acrylamide was 2:100, the reaction temperature was set as 60 C, and the pH value was set as 7. Finally, the coagulant was measured for its swelling kinetics, viscosity, film-forming hardness, peeling strength, and ability to suppress dust. It can be concluded that the coagulant exhibits a very high standard of both dust suppression and wind resistance.

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Kinetics and modeling of methyl methacrylate graft copolymerization in the presence of natural rubber latex

Cited by 13 publications

References 48 publications

New Grafted Copolymers Carrying Betaine Units Based on Gellan and N-Vinylimidazole as Precursors for Design of Drug Delivery Systems

New Grafted Copolymers Carrying Betaine Units Based on Gellan and N-Vinylimidazole as Precursors for Design of Drug Delivery Systems

Thermal Properties and Morphology of Compatible Poly(ethylene oxide)/Natural Rubber‐graft‐poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends

The development and characterization of a novel coagulant for dust suppression in open-cast coal mines

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