Interconversion of mononuclear cis-dioxo-Mo(VI) and oxo-Mo(V,IV) complexes of the hydrotris(3,5dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate ligand (L) by one-electron and two-electron reactions is described. In the coordinating solvent pyridine (py), LMo VI O 2 (SPh) is reduced by cobaltocene in one-electron steps to stable LMo IV O(SPh)-(py). The compound LMo IV O(SPh)(py)‚0.6MeOH crystallizes in orthorhombic space group Pbca, with a ) 13.790(2) Å, b ) 15.266(2) Å, c ) 27.807(5), V ) 5853(3) Å 3 , and Z ) 8. The complex exhibits a distorted octahedral structure with a facially tridentate ligand L and mutually cis oxo [ModO ) 1.667( 5) Å], pyridine [Mo-N ) 2.184( 5) Å], and thiolate [Mo-S ) 2.390(3) Å] ligands. This and other LMo IV O(SR)(py) (R ) Ph, CH 2 Ph, CHMe 2 ) complexes are also obtained from LMo VI O 2 (SR) via two-electron oxygen atom transfer reactions involving tertiary phosphines in pyridine. In dry solvents, the oxo-Mo(IV) complexes are oxidized by ferrocenium ion to the EPR-active cations [LMo V O(SR)(py)] + which are hydrolyzed rapidly in wet solvents to LMo V O(OH)-(SR). More generally, the complexes LMo VI O 2 X (X ) Cl, Br, NCS, OPh, SPh, SCH 2 Ph, SCHMe 2 ) react with PPh 3 at room temperature to yield OPPh 3 and unstable, coordinatively-unsaturated intermediates LMo IV OX. The latter are oxidized back to LMo VI O 2 X by Me 2 SO or can be trapped in a number of ways, depending on available ligands. For example, the complexes LMo IV OX(solvent) are detected in coordinating solvents, LMo V OClX in chlorinated solvents, LMo V O(OMe)X in MeOH, and [LMo V O] 2 (µ-O) in dry toluene. However, in wet weaklycoordinating solvents, LMo V O(OH)X complexes are produced cleanly and can be oxidized quantitatively to LMo VI O 2 X. Consequently, LMo VI O 2 X complexes are catalysts for the oxidation of PPh 3 by O 2 in the presence of H 2 O. Oxygen isotope tracing shows that H 2 O rather than O 2 is the source of the oxygen atom which is transferred to PPh 3 . This is the first model system which displays the full cycle proposed for oxidizing molybdoenzymes featuring [Mo VI O 2 ] 2+ resting states.