Kinetic study of polypropylene pyrolysis using ZSM-5 and an equilibrium fluid catalytic cracking catalyst

Non-isothermal degradation kinetics of filled with rise husk ash polypropene composites

“…The temperature dependence of the rate constant k for the process is described by the Arrhenius equation (3): (3) where A is the pre-exponential factor, T is the absolute temperature, R is the universal gas constant, and E is the apparent activation energy of the process. Substitution of Equation (3) in (2) gives the Equation (4): (4) When the temperature increases at a constant rate (Equation (5)): (5) therefore Equation (6): (6) The conversion function f(α) for a solid-state reaction depends on the reaction mechanism and can generally be considered to be as Equation (7): (7) where m, n and p are empirically obtained exponent factors, one of them always being zero [30,31].…”

“…Nowadays, incineration is the more widely used way to eliminate solid residues and it is also used for generation of electric and calorific energy at the same time. Uncontrolled incineration, however, can produce serious air pollution, environmental and health problems due to the possible emission of toxic flue gases (dioxins, furans), acid gases and heavy metals [5,6,18]. For this reason, the search for different recycling alternatives (thermal or oxidative degradation) is more and more necessary [19,20].…”

“…A recently reported alternative is to transform the polymer waste into hydrocarbons in order to produce low molecular mass chemicals, clean hydrocarbon, chemical resources, fuels, gasoline, or other valuable products such as lubricants by thermal or catalytic degradation. The thermal degradation (pyrolysis) of the polymer macromolecules in the absence of oxygen or under vacuum at elevated temperatures gives a mixture of hydrocarbons [5,6,8,12,18,21]. According to the data from the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses (GC/ MS), the thermal degradation of polypropene in nitrogen medium gives dienes, alkanes, and alkenes up to C 31 hydrocarbons [17].…”

Catalytic Upgrading of Plastic Wastes

“…Apart from these reactors, thermogravimetric techniques (TG) have been widely applied for the study of the thermal and catalytic cracking of several plastics over different acid solids, determining relative activity of the catalysts and kinetic parameters under both isothermal and dynamic conditions [45,[66][67][68][69]. Thus, Figure 3.9 illustrates the TG curves corresponding to the degradation of a commercial EVA copolymer by just thermal treatment or when mixed with a MCM-41 catalyst at two different heating rates [45].…”

Kaolin and commercial fcc catalysts in the cracking of loads of polypropylene under refinary conditions

“…Several authors have studied the application of these catalysts to the pyrolysis of plastic materials (Vasile et al, 1985 and1988;Beltrame et al, 1989;Audisio et al, 1992;Lin & White, 1995;Ochoa et al, 1996;Serrano et al, 2001;Aguado et al, 2001;Marcilla et al, 2003;Seo et al, 2003;Ribeiro et al, 2006). Therefore, the objective of this work was the evaluation of the performance of commercial FCC catalysts (low, medium and high activities).…”