Kinetic Study of Levulinic Acid from Spirulina platensis Residue

Ringgani, Retno; Azis, Muhammad Mufti; Rochmadi, .; Budiman, Arief

doi:10.1007/s12010-022-03806-x

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The experimental setup that we used in the present study is similar to our previous work in [5]. Briefly explained here, the reaction was let run in eight sealed glass ampoules, each of which had an inner diameter of 15 mm and a length of 10 cm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conversion of third-generation macroand micro-algal biomass into bioenergy and biochemicals has been attracting the attention of researchers [1][2][3][4][5] for its superiority to the other generations in terms of ease of cultivation, noncompetitive with food ingredients, and convertibility into bio-based products [2,4]. The contents of carbohydrates are the source of sugar-based renewable raw materials and it is a promising [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and Kinetic Modeling of Galactose Valorization to Levulinic Acid

Ringgani

Azis

Rochmadi

et al. 2022

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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Levulinic acid, a versatile chemical building block, was derived from C6-sugar galactose using sulfuric acid as the catalyst. Galactose is monosaccharide of polysaccharides constituent that is mostly contained in third generation biomass, macro-microalgae. It currently receives high attention to be a source of renewable feedstock. The effect of temperature, catalyst concentration and initial substrate loadings were studied for 60 min, in the temperature range of 150–190 °C, acid concentration of 0.25–0.75 M and initial substrate loading of 0.05–0.25 M. The highest levulinic acid yield of 40.08 wt% was achieved under the following conditions: 0.05 M galactose, 0.75 M acid concentration, 170 °C temperature, and 40 min reaction time. The kinetic model was developed by first order pseudo-irreversible reaction. The results showed that the proposed model could capture the experimental data well. These results suggested that galactose, derived from macro- and micro-algae, can potentially be converted and applied for platform chemicals. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%