Kinetic study of levulinic acid production from corn stalk at mild temperature using FeCl 3 as catalyst

Zheng, Xiaowei; Zhi, Zehao; Gu, Xuehong; Li, Xiaoyun; Zhang, Rui; Lü, Xuebin

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.09.019

Cited by 50 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…LA is a short-chain fatty acid with a ketone carbonyl group and an acidic carboxyl group, enabling it to produce a variety of chemical substances [10]. LA production commences with depolymerisation of the biomass cellulose fraction into oligosaccharides and glucose [11]. Next, sixcarbon sugars are hydrolysed to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which is then dehydrated into LA and formic acid [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Separate and Simultaneous Kinetic Parameters for Levulinic Acid and Furfural Production from Pretreated Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches

Gozan

Panjaitan

Tristantini

et al. 2018

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

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Palm oil empty fruit bunches (POEFBs) can be converted into levulinic acid (LA) and furfural, which are among the top building-block chemicals. The purpose of this study was to investigate separate and simultaneous kinetic model parameters for LA and furfural production from POEFBs, which were pretreated by soaking in aqueous ammonia (SAA). The highest LA yield, which was obtained at a reaction temperature of 170°C after 90 min in an acidic solution with a concentration of 1 M, was 52.1 mol%. The highest furfural yield was 27.94 mol%, which was obtained at a reaction temperature of 170°C after 20 min in an acidic solution with a concentration of 0.5 M. SAA pretreatment affected activation energy in glucose degradation reactions and favoured direct conversion of hemicellulose to furfural. The activation energy of LA production (EakHMF) increases with higher acid catalyst concentration, and the activation energy of furfural production (EakXYN) decreases with higher acid concentration. These trends in the activation energy occurred in both separate and simultaneous kinetic models. Simultaneous kinetic model is better to calculate kinetic parameters of LA and furfural production than separate kinetic models because the simultaneous kinetic model had a lower sum of square error (SSE) when estimating kinetic parameters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Separate and Simultaneous Kinetic Parameters for Levulinic Acid and Furfural Production from Pretreated Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches

Gozan

Panjaitan

Tristantini

et al. 2018

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

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“…132 Temperature is another really meaningful reaction parameter because it is closely related to catalyst load and type, reaction times, and type of solvent. Temperature in the range of 100°C-220°C could be used to maximize HMF [152][153][154][155] or LA. 99,120,149,156 At higher temperatures, atoms exchange electrons more easily, which results in a higher reaction rate.…”

Section: Effects Of Temperature Ph Type Of Catalyst and Reaction Timementioning

confidence: 99%

The challenge of converting biomass polysaccharides into levulinic acid through heterogeneous catalytic processes

Covinich

Clauser

Felissia

et al. 2019

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The differences between a biorefinery and an oil refinery are determined by the higher oxygen content of the biorefinery's biomass, its high degree of functionalization, its low thermal stability, its polar components, which are mostly acidic, its highly heterogeneous structure, and its quality variation as result of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Levulinic acid (LA) is one of the main high value‐added chemicals that can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass as raw material. The main challenges for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to levulinic acid are related to the improvement of the technologies to obtain a pure and cost‐competitive product, the design and use of efficient heterogeneous catalysts, and the improvements in the selectivity and useful life of the catalyst. This is an up‐to‐date review of the state of knowledge about the heterogeneous catalytic conversion of biomass into LA, addressing the technical hurdles that impede the attainment of high yields. This work outlines the chemistry of LA synthesis and discusses in detail the influence of the lignocellulosic raw material, reaction time, temperature, solvent according to the chemical pathway, and efficiency of the chosen Lewis and Brønsted solid acid catalysts. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…LA is a C5 keto-acid, exhibiting both carboxylic acid and ketone functionality that can be upgraded by several routes into γ-valerlatcone, methyltetrahydrofuran and 1-4-pentanediol, among others [7][8][9]. Alongside mineral acids, several inorganic salts such as FeCl 3 have been investigated at lab scale for the production of levulinic acid from cellulose [10,11]. Recently, several commercial pilot plants have been built using mineral acid catalysts, such as sulphuric acid, to produce LA; however, the estimated production costs have varied significantly between USD 1 and USD 8 per kilogram [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Catalytic Effect of Sulphated Zirconia—HCl System for Levulinic Acid and Solid Residue Production Using Microwave Irradiation

et al. 2021

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The synergistic conversion of Miscanthus xGiganteous with sulphated zirconia and dilute hydrochloric acid was investigated. The sulphated zirconia was prepared using H2SO4 impregnation and characterised using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Scanning Electron Miscroscope (SEM) spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements. The microwave-assisted reaction was evaluated at various temperatures, reaction times and catalyst-to-biomass ratios, with and without the presence of trace HCl in the solution medium for the conversion of Miscanthus xGiganteous to levulinic acid. The highest levulinic acid yield of 63.8% was achieved at 160 °C, 80 min and a 2:1 catalyst-to-biomass ratio, with 10 mM HCl. The catalyst recyclability was investigated with and without calcination, finding that significant humin deposition on the catalyst surface likely caused catalyst deactivation. The post-reaction solid residue was also characterised using SEM, EDX, XRD, elemental composition and nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements. Findings indicate that this residue could potentially be used as a soil amendment or as a fuel source. The synergistic conversion of real lignocellulosic biomass with sulphated zirconia and trace hydrochloric acid showed remarkable promise and should be investigated further.

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Kinetic study of levulinic acid production from corn stalk at mild temperature using FeCl 3 as catalyst

Cited by 50 publications

References 23 publications

Evaluation of Separate and Simultaneous Kinetic Parameters for Levulinic Acid and Furfural Production from Pretreated Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches

Evaluation of Separate and Simultaneous Kinetic Parameters for Levulinic Acid and Furfural Production from Pretreated Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches

The challenge of converting biomass polysaccharides into levulinic acid through heterogeneous catalytic processes

Synergistic Catalytic Effect of Sulphated Zirconia—HCl System for Levulinic Acid and Solid Residue Production Using Microwave Irradiation

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