Kinetic study of biphasic aldol condensation of n-butyraldehyde using stirred cell

Lee, Shinbeom; Varma, Arvind

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2013.09.028

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The film model assumes a stagnant film, which means no change with time. The nBAL aldol condensation has been confirmed as a pseudo‐first‐order reaction in prior work . Thus, the mass balance of nBAL concentration in the film of the aqueous phase is described by Eq.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 67%

“…In the present work, the distribution coefficient, diffusivity, and mass‐transfer coefficient for the continuous (aqueous) phase, including viscosity, and density variations, were obtained from our previous study . From the solution of Eq.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Hatta number ( Ha ), which is the ratio of the reaction rate in the liquid film to the diffusion rate through the film, is used as a criterion to characterize the regimes. If the reaction is fast ( Ha > 3), all reactions occur in the film region of the aqueous phase and none in the bulk region; this is called the mass transfer controlled regime dominated by the reaction rate in the film . Under these conditions, the Danckwerts penetration model is preferred to estimate the reaction rate in the film .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Applying the pseudo steady‐state approximation with the first step (enolate formation) as the rate‐determining, the kinetics is simplified as first order. Although the reaction at the industrial operating conditions is in the mass transfer controlled regime, the intrinsic reaction kinetic parameters were carefully determined using a stirred cell and the use of penetration theory in our prior work

r_{nBAL} = k C_{nBAL}, (k = 1.712 \times 10^{8} {normale}^{‐ \frac{13.47 \pm 0.39 kcal / mol}{RT}} {normalC}_{NaOH})

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aldol condensation of n‐butyraldehyde in a biphasic stirred tank reactor: Experiments and models

Lee

Varma

2015

AIChE Journal

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To model a biphasic stirred tank reactor, intrinsic reaction kinetics and interfacial area are required. In this study, reactor modeling for n-butyraldehyde aldol condensation was investigated under industrially relevent conditions. The interfacial area in the reactor was directly measured using a borescope system under appropriate temperature, NaOH concentration and rpm conditions. To estimate the interfacial area, a semi-empirical correlation was developed, which provides good estimates within ±15% error. The reactor model based on two-film theory was developed, combining the interfacial area and intrinsic reaction kinetics reported in our prior work. The model was verified by reaction experiments in the range 0.05-1.9M NaOH, 80-130 o C and 600-1000 rpm. The prediction errors using the interfacial area from direct measurements and the correlation were ±8% and ±15%, respectively, suggesting that the model accuracy may be improved with better interfacial area estimation.Topical Area: Reaction Engineering, Kinetics and Catalysis

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

r_{nBAL} = k C_{nBAL}, (k = 1.712 \times 10^{8} {normale}^{‐ \frac{13.47 \pm 0.39 kcal / mol}{RT}} {normalC}_{NaOH})

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Aldol condensation of n‐butyraldehyde in a biphasic stirred tank reactor: Experiments and models

Lee

Varma

2015

AIChE Journal

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“…The high variability of this reaction makes it a good option to synthesize valuable compounds from different aldehydes, such as butanal [39,40] or heptanal [41], amides, [42] and more complex compounds, e.g., the condensation of citral and acetone [43,44]. However, this reaction has gained attention in the last years because of the development of new technologies to obtain chemicals and liquid fuels from biomass.…”

Section: Aldol Condensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Base-Catalyzed Reactions in Biomass Conversion: Reaction Mechanisms and Catalyst Deactivation

Faba

Dı́az

Ordóñez

2016

Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology

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Although less studied than acid-catalyzed reactions, mainly because of their marginal interest in petrochemical processes, base-catalyzed reactions (either homogeneous or heterogeneous) play a key role in the upgrading of biomass-derived platform molecules. As in most of the chemical processes, the replacement of homogeneous catalysts by heterogeneous catalysts is of key interest. This article reviews the state of the art in the most important base-catalyzed reactions in the biofuel manufacture (biodiesel from triglycerides) and the upgrading of biomass-derived platform molecules (such as acetone, ethanol, furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, or acetic acid). Transesterification reactions, aldol condensation (alone or in combination with other reactions), and ketonization are the main reactions involved in these biorefinery processes. Reviewed are the most common catalysts proposed for these reactions (mainly heterogeneous), as well as the proposed mechanisms for these reactions, and the main factors governing catalyst deactivation when used in each of these reactions.

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Acetophenone hydrogenation on Rh/Al2O3 catalyst: Intrinsic reaction kinetics and effects of internal diffusion

Lee

Zaborenko

et al. 2016

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Kinetic study of biphasic aldol condensation of n-butyraldehyde using stirred cell

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Aldol condensation of n‐butyraldehyde in a biphasic stirred tank reactor: Experiments and models

Aldol condensation of n‐butyraldehyde in a biphasic stirred tank reactor: Experiments and models

Base-Catalyzed Reactions in Biomass Conversion: Reaction Mechanisms and Catalyst Deactivation

Acetophenone hydrogenation on Rh/Al2O3 catalyst: Intrinsic reaction kinetics and effects of internal diffusion

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